Chapter 1 Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
What are the 4 organic compounds?
A
Lipids, Carbs, Proteins, Nucleic acids
2
Q
What are Lipids?
A
Fatty acids
3
Q
What are Carbs?
A
Monosaccharides ( one sugar)
4
Q
What are proteins?
A
Amino acids
5
Q
What are Nucleic acids?
A
Nucleotides
6
Q
What is the job for DNA?
A
DNA provides instructions for making proteins
7
Q
2-8-8 rule
A
2 electrons in first shell, 8 electrons in second and third shell
8
Q
What does the row correlate to?
A
Correlates to shell #
9
Q
What does the column number show?
A
Shoes how many electrons in outer shell
10
Q
Valence refers to what?
A
Outermost shell
11
Q
Valence # =?
A
= Row #
12
Q
Valence electrons
A
Number of electrons in Outer shell
13
Q
Do Noble gases naturally have a full shell?
A
Yes
14
Q
Are noble gases good at sharing?
A
No ( have a full shell naturally)
15
Q
Ion
A
Element that changed the number of electrons
16
Q
Cation
A
Positively charged ion
17
Q
Anion
A
Negatively charged ion
18
Q
Anatomy
A
Where everything is
19
Q
Physiology
A
How things work
20
Q
Inspection
A
Eyes
21
Q
Palpatation
A
Fingertips
22
Q
Auscultation
A
Ears/ hear
23
Q
Percussion
A
Feel/ tap
24
Q
Gross anatomy
A
Large enough to touch and see
25
Histology
To small to touch and see
26
Hippocrates
Father of Modern Medicine
27
Galen
Physician for the Gladiators
28
Vesalius
First Modern Anatomy Professor
29
Von Leevwenhoek
Invented microscope
30
Darwin
Deacon of church,
Father of Evolution
31
Natural Selection
Several generations
32
Adaptation
One event, by chance
33
Evolution
Thousands of years
34
Opposition
Opposable thumbs
35
Stereoscopic Vision
Eyes move to the front, work together
36
Bipedalism
Walk on two feet
37
Metabolism
Chemical reactions in an organism
38
Homeostasis
Maintaining internal conditions
39
Transverse section
Horizontal section
40
Coronal section
Front section
41
Ionic Bond
Transfer of electrons
42
Covalent Bond
Sharing valence she’ll
43
Non polar bond
No charge difference
44
Polar bond
Charge difference
45
Water characteristics
Adhesive
Cohesive
Good solvent ( dissolve)
Chemically reactive
Thermally stable
46
Solvent
Liquid trying to dissolve something in
47
Solute
Thing being dissolved
48
Ph scale: More than 7
Base or Alkaline
49
Ph Concentration: less than 7
Acid
50
Monomers
Building blocks
51
Dehydration Synthesis
Take away water/ make something
52
Hydrolysis
Add water to break something
53
What elements make up ALL organic compounds?
Hydrogen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
54
What are the functional groups?
Hydroxyl
Methyl
Carboxyll
Amino
Phosphate
55
What are the 5 Monomers/ Monosaccharides?
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Ribose
Deoxyribose
56
What are the two types of Polysaccharides?
Glycogen: animal cells
Starch: plant cell
57
What are Triglycerides?
Type of Lipid
1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids
Made from Dehydration synthesis and broke down from hydrolysis
58
Phospholipid
1 glycerol
2 fatty acids
1 phosphate
59
What is Glycerol
Key component in triglycerides and phospholipids, important in biological membranes and energy storage
60
What are Monomers for the 4 organic compounds:
Fatty acids
Monosaccharide
Amino acids
Nucleotides
61
What are the monomers in proteins?
Amino acids
62
What are the monomers in proteins?
Amino acids
63
What is a peptide bond?
Bond that holds 2 amino acids together
64
What are the Levels of structure in Amino acids?
1. Primary structure: sequence of amino acids
2. Secondary structure: Alpha helix or beta sheet formed by hydrogen bonding
3. Tertiary structure: caused by R group interactions
4. Quaternary Structure: protein SO complex it ends up somewhere else
65
5 characteristics of Enzymes ( proteins)
1. Proteins
2. Highly specific
3. Not consumed ( do same reaction over again)
4. Lower activation energy
5. Binding/ active site
66
What are enzymes
Biologic catalyst ( make reaction occur faster)
67
What are enzymes
Biologic catalyst ( make reaction occur faster)
68
What is an Isotope?
Element that changes # of neutrons
69
Electrolyte
Ion important in living solutions
70
Hydrophilic
Substances that like Water
71
Hydrophobic
Substances that do not like water
72
What is Cell Theory
If it’s alive, it’s made of at least one cell
73
What are the five organelles:
1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Mitochondria
4. Plasma Membrane
5. Cytoplasm
74
What does the Nucleus do?
Home for DNA
75
What does the Ribosome do?
Protein synthesis ( makes proteins)
76
What does Mitochondria do?
Powerhouse of cell,
ATP synthesis
Energy
77
What does plasma membrane do?
Skin of cell
78
What does the Cytoplasm do?
Watery juice of cell
79
What are the 3 cell appendages:
1. Microvilli- increase surface area of cell membrane
2. Flagella- give cell ability to move on its own
3. Cilia- moves things away from cell in one direction
80
What are the 5 types of Membrane transport?
1. Filtration- movement of Fluid
2. Simple diffusion: solute moving from higher to lower concentration
3. Osmosis- water moving from higher to lower concentration
4. Facilitated diffusion: special doors for glucose to go through
5. Active transport: using ATP to get substance through membrane
81
Hypertonic
Higher concentration solute
82
Hypotonic
Lower concentration solute
83
Isotonic
Equal concentration solute
84
Substrate:
Reactants in Enzymatic reactions that drive biological functions
85
What is the most important protein:
Sodium potassium pump
Resting membrane potential
86
What are Nucleic acids?
Nucleotides: DNA & RNA
87
What are the three components of Nucleotides:
1. Pentose Sugar ( RNA & DNA)
2. Nitrogenous Base- PH more than 7 & has nitrogen
3. Phosphate
88
Components of DNA
Large, double stranded, lives in nucleus, deoxyribose, C, G, A, T
89
Components of RNA
Small, single stranded, lives in nucleus/ cytoplasm, Ribose, C, G, A, U
90
What is the process of transcription?
Replication: Process of using DNA to make more DNA ( mitosis/ meiosis)
Transcription/ translation: use DNA to make mRNA, then to make protein, protein synthesis
91
Process of replication:
Double stranded dna molecule copied to make another dna molecule
Process to prepare for cell division
Location is in the nucleus
92
Process of Replication Steps:
