CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
(266 cards)
1
Q
-is defined as the science of motion of projectiles.
A
BALLISTICS
2
Q
-is the motion of an object that is thrown or launched into the air and moves along a curved path due to the force of gravity.
A
PROJECTILE
2
Q
ELEMENTS OF PROJECTILE
A
- INITIAL FORCE
- GRAVITY
- AIR RESISTANCE
3
Q
- to the amount of force applied to an object at the beginning of a motion or interaction.
A
INITIAL FORCE
4
Q
–accumulation of gas
A
INITIAL FORCE
5
Q
-is the universal force of attraction acting between all bodies of matter.
A
GRAVITY
6
Q
–determining trajectory
A
GRAVITY
7
Q
–minimal to zero effect
A
AIR RESISTANCE
7
Q
-is the force that slows down an object moving through the air.
A
AIR RESISTANCE
8
Q
Ballistics came from what word?
A
Greek word
9
Q
Ballistics came from Greek word _______ that means _________
A
BALO OR BALLEIN means “TO THROW”.
10
Q
BALLISTA (OLD ENGLISH BALLISTAE)
-a MID-18TH CENTURY English word that came from the?
A
ROMANS
10
Q
means “TO THROW”
A
BALO OR BALLEIN
11
Q
BALLISTA OLD ENGLISH?
A
BALLISTAE
12
Q
-a MID-18TH CENTURY English word that came from the ROMANS about early 16TH CENTURY.
A
BALLISTA (OLD ENGLISH BALLISTAE)
13
Q
-This was the description of a “CATAPULT” OR “GIGANTIC BOW” used by the ROMANS to hurl LARGE STONES OR ARROWS at a great distance to kill animals or to fight their enemies.
A
BALLISTA (OLD ENGLISH BALLISTAE)
14
Q
used by the ROMANS to hurl LARGE STONES OR ARROWS at a great distance to kill animals or to fight their enemies.
A
“CATAPULT” OR “GIGANTIC BOW”
14
Q
CATAPULT” OR “GIGANTIC BOW” used by the ROMANS to hurl ___________ at a great distance to kill animals or to fight their enemies.
A
LARGE STONES OR ARROWS
14
Q
-refers to the study of projectiles, firearms and ammunitions including the characteristics of firearm that affect the way projectiles are fired.
A
BALLISTICS
15
Q
-is the science of projectiles in motion from the moment of firing until impact at the target.
A
BALLISTICS
16
Q
-It covers the scientific study of the propulsion (driving force), flight, and impact (destructive action) of projectiles. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2000)
A
BALLISTICS
17
Q
In the _________,
BALLISTICS
-refers to the study of projectiles, firearms and ammunitions including the characteristics of firearm that affect the way projectiles are fired.
A
BROADEST SENSE
18
Q
In a _______,
BALLISTICS
-It covers the scientific study of the propulsion (driving force), flight, and impact (destructive action) of projectiles. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2000)
A
TECHNICAL SENSE
19
Q
In a _______,
BALLISTICS
-is the science of projectiles in motion from the moment of firing until impact at the target.
A
TECHNICAL SENSE
20
-is the mechanism or process that moves an object forward through a fluid, most commonly through air or water.
PROPULSION
21
- a.k.a TRAJECTORY,
FLIGHT
22
- severity of the target
IMPACT
23
is concerned with projectiles fired from small arms and cannons, but it may be concerned also with the free flight of bombs and rockets. (World Book Encyclopedia, 2002)
BALLISTICS
24
In POLICE PARLANCE, it is frequently used to FIREARMS IDENTIFICATION.
BALLISTICS
25
- is the process of analyzing the bullets and cartridge cases left at a crime scene to determine if they came from a particular firearm.
FIREARMS IDENTIFICATION
25
In __________, it is frequently used to FIREARMS IDENTIFICATION.
POLICE PARLANCE
26
--subfield of Forensic Ballistic
FIREARMS IDENTIFICATION
27
- is, who invented it, what it can determine, and how it works.
FORENSIC BALLISTIC
28
--using Firearms Identification for Forensic Examination
FORENSIC BALLISTIC
29
- is a forensic science discipline in which expert examiners evaluate documents disputed in the legal system.
FORENSIC EXAMINATION
30
- It is applied to ballistics or to any other subjects in relationship to a court of justice and legal proceedings.
FORENSIC
31
-Derived from the Latin word "FORENSIS" which means "FORUM", that means a "PUBLIC OR MARKETPLACE", wherein people gathered for discussion of a subject in issue.
FORENSIC
32
Forensic came from what word?
Latin word
33
Forensic came from the Latin word ______ which means _______, that means a ______
"FORENSIS" means "FORUM" means "PUBLIC OR MARKETPLACE",
34
wherein people gathered for discussion of a subject in issue.
"PUBLIC OR MARKETPLACE"
35
- It is the science of firearms identification by means of ammunition fired through them.
FORENSIC BALLISTICS
36
– Refers to metallic or non-metallic object such as bullet, slug, ball, pellet and flechette that passes through the barrel of a firearms.
PROJECTILE
37
- The movement or action of projectiles launched from firearms.
MOTIONS
38
KINDS OF MOTION:
A. DIRECT MOTION
B. ROTARY MOTION
C. TRANSLATIONAL MOTION
39
- the forward movement of the projectile inside the gun barrel resulting from the expanding force of gasses produced after combustion of the gunpowder.
DIRECT MOTION
40
--rearward movement cause of rotary motion
DIRECT MOTION
41
- the gyrating action (rotating or spinning), either right or left, inside or outside barrel with the action of the spiralling LANDS AND GROOVES or known as RIFLING.
ROTARY MOTION
42
ROTARY MOTION
- the gyrating action (rotating or spinning), either right or left, inside or outside barrel with the action of the spiralling?
LANDS AND GROOVES or RIFLING.
43
IMPORTANCE OF ROTARY MOTION (S-A-R)
* STABILITY
* ACCURACY
* RANGE
44
- is the state of being firmly fixed or not likely to move or change.
* STABILITY
45
--ability to maintain its trajectory flight
* STABILITY
46
- as the fact of being exact or correct, or the ability to do something without mistakes.
--ability to hit or tamaan
* ACCURACY
47
- the horizontal distance between a weapon and target
--distance na kayang tahakin
* RANGE
48
– The movement of projectiles after hitting the target and no rotation takes place such as bouncing of the bullet after hitting a resistant surface.
TRANSLATIONAL MOTION
49
- is a glancing rebound (as of a projectile off a flat surface)
RICOCHET
49
--movement of bullet from one point to another
TRANSLATIONAL MOTION
50
--45 degrees at angle
RICOCHET
51
-- a projectile that bounces off another surface
RICOCHET
52
BRANCHES OF BALLISTICS
1.) INTERNAL OR INTERIOR BALLISTICS
2.) EXTERNAL OR EXTERIOR BALLISTICS
3.) TERMINAL BALLISTICS
53
- deals with the motion of a projectile while it is from breech to the muzzle of barrel.
INTERNAL OR INTERIOR BALLISTICS
54
-It is the study focused on what happens inside the gun during firing.
INTERNAL OR INTERIOR BALLISTICS
55
SUBJECT OF STUDY, UNDER INTERNAL OR INTERIOR BALLISTICS
1.A. FIRING PIN HITS THE PRIMER/ STRIKE THE HAMMER, THE FIRING PIN WILL STRIKE
2.B. IGNITION OF PRIMING MIXTURE
3.C. COMBUSTION OF GUNPOWDER
4.D. EXPANSION OF THE HEATED GAS IN THE CHAMBER
5.E. PRESSURE WILL BE DEVELOPED
6.F. ENERGY GENERATED
7.G. RECOIL OF THE GUN
8.H. VELOCITY OF THE BULLET IN THE BARREL
9.I. ROTATION OF THE BULLET INSIDE THE BARREL
10.J. ENGRAVING OF THE CYLINDRICAL SURFACE OF BULLET
56
- the _______ should hit the primer in order to explode.
firing pin
57
-The failure of the cartridge to explode after the firing pin strikes the primer is called
"MISFIRE".
57
strike the hammer, the firing pin will strike is still a
EXTERNAL BALLISTIC
57
- is a part of a firearm that impacts the primer of a cartridge and causes it to fire.
FIRING PIN
58
--match stick
FIRING PIN
59
DEFECTS IN FIREARM THAT CAUSE TO MISFIRE
A. BROKEN FIRING PIN
B. LOOSE FIRING PIN
C. LACKING LENGTH IN THE FIRING PIN
60
- in order to _________, it must be live and potent and must be devoid of any moisture.
IGNITION OF PRIMING MIXTURE
60
this is a defect especially homemade gun
LACKING LENGTH IN THE FIRING PIN
61
-If the priming mixture explodes several seconds after the firing pin blow the primer, the delay of explosion is known as
"HANGFIRE".
62
-are sensitive explosive mixtures that are designed to produce a flame in a particular application.
PRIMING MIXTURE
63
-- initiator of firing pin
PRIMING MIXTURE
64
PROBABLE DEFECTS IN THE CONTENTS OF THE PRIMER CUP
A. WET PRIMING MIXTURE (due to moisture)
B. THE ANVIL IS NOT PROPERLY FIXED (slanting position)
C. NO VENT OR FLASH-HOLE (factory defects)
D. NO PRIMING MIXTURE AT ALL (factory defects)
65
defect due to moisture
WET PRIMING MIXTURE
66
defect due to slanting position
THE ANVIL IS NOT PROPERLY FIXED
67
two defects due to factory defects
C. NO VENT OR FLASH-HOLE (factory defects)
D. NO PRIMING MIXTURE AT ALL (factory defects)
68
-is a small part that can be replaced in a larger piece of equipment, or a tube with an explosive and a bullet for a gun.
CARTRIDGE
69
--priming mixture and gunpowder can be found here
CARTRIDGE
70
-is the metal object that is fired out of a gun when its trigger is pulled.
BULLET
71
- is used to describe the supply of shells or bullets used for a gun, as well as nuclear, chemical or biological matter that can be used in much larger weapons.
AMMUNITION
72
--cartridge and the bullet
AMMUNITION
73
- after the primer crushed the priming mixture against the anvil there will be IGNITION OF PRIMING MIXTURE AND PRIMER FLASH, ignited priming mixture enters the VENT OR CANAL and the PRIMER FLASH ignites the gunpowder and combustion happens.
COMBUSTION OF GUNPOWDER
74
- after the primer crushed the priming mixture against the anvil there will be _______, ignited priming mixture enters the ____ and the ____ ignites the gunpowder and combustion happens.
IGNITION OF PRIMING MIXTURE AND PRIMER FLASH
VENT OR CANAL
PRIMER FLASH
75
--no misfire and hangfire
COMBUSTION OF GUNPOWDER
76
If priming mixture is defective, __________
NO EXPLOSION
77
If priming mixture is live and gunpowder is defective or wet, only the _____ will explode.
PRIMING MIXTURE
78
may happen if there is stock - up.
"BACKFIRE AND BARREL BREAKAGE"
79
- is to have the reverse of the desired or expected effect.
BACKFIRE
79
--a.k.a BLOCK BACK
BACKFIRE
79
- consists of a series of shooting and cleaning sequences.
BARREL BREAKAGE
79
--not working primer
BACKFIRE
79
--material fatigue or overuse of firearm
--the firearm was made poorly
BARREL BREAKAGE
80
To propel the bullet, priming mixture and gunpowder must explode?
SIMULTANEOUSLY
81
- The gas expands in different directions that tends the ____ to separate.
BULLET AND SHELL
82
___ due to its tremendous pressure inside will also expand towards the WALL OF THE CHAMBER by force.
SHELL
83
The SHELL due to its tremendous pressure inside will also expand towards the ________ by force.
WALL OF THE CHAMBER
84
causing individual characteristics
"CHAMBER MARKINGS"
85
- The gas expands in different directions that tends the BULLET AND SHELL to separate.
EXPANSION OF THE HEATED GAS IN THE CHAMBER
86
-The SHELL due to its tremendous pressure inside will also expand towards the WALL OF THE CHAMBER by force. This causes "CHAMBER MARKINGS", causing individual characteristics
EXPANSION OF THE HEATED GAS IN THE CHAMBER
87
Chamber marking was made during?
during manufacturing
88
- When a heated gas created by the gunpowder is developed, a tremendous pressure in the chamber of the firearms.
PRESSURE WILL BE DEVELOPED
89
PSI means
PER SQUARE INCH
90
The impact between the base of the cartridge case and the breechface of the firearm will create marking called
BREECHFACE MARK
91
-is the portion of the breechblock exactly the same size with the base of the shell near the FIRING PIN HOLE
BREECHFACE
92
BREECHFACE is near the
FIRING PIN HOLE
93
how many chamber markings?
1/4
94
-this contact leaves a small hemispherical mark near the center of the case
FIRING PIN
95
-igniting the gunpowder and propelling the bullet through the barrel
FIRING PIN
96
-As the expanding gas propels the bullet out of the barrel, the case is pushed backward into the?
BREECH FACE
97
-this creates an impression of the breech face on the
REAR OF THE CASE
98
-this backward force also pushes the slide backwards
EXTRACTOR
99
-as this happens, the _____ pulls on the case, leaving a grip impression on the side.
EXTRACTOR
100
-a spring-loaded piece that helps to send the casing out the pistol after you fire.
EXTRACTOR
101
--slam the cartridge then bite the Extractor Groove to pull it
EXTRACTOR
102
-As the slides nears the end of its movement, the case makes contact with the _______, causing the case to flip up and out of the slide
EJECTOR
103
-this leaves a small mark on the bottom left of the case
EJECTOR MARK
104
--responsible for the removable of the cartridge
EJECTOR MARK
105
WHAT ARE THE CHAMBER MARKINGS?
FIRING PIN
BREECHFACE MARKING
EJECTOR MARKING
EXTRACTOR MARK
106
- each part has the potential to leave distinctive microscopic marks on the fired case
MICROSCOPIC MARKS
107
refers to the fatal equivalent of bullet compared to a pound that is drop from a certain height.
ENERGY
108
is compared to an MMA FIGHTER WITH 135 KILOS is dropped from 80FT floor of the building, imagine the impact on the ground.
ENERGY
109
-In horizontal flight of bullet, most firearms have ______ that cause the person to be thrown on the ground or falls ground.
"KNOCKING EFFECT"
110
in every action, there is corresponding opposite reaction.
"KINETIC ENERGY PRINCIPLE"
110
is the rearward movement of the gun caused by equal and opposite reaction of the gun against the forward movement of the bullet after the explosion.
RECOIL
111
--backward force exerted by the gun
RECOIL
112
gadget that is attached to the muzzle of the gun to reduce recoil.
"COMPENSATOR OR MUZZLE BRAKE"
113
--reduces recoil and muzzle rise
-- minimizing or avoiding
COMPENSATOR
114
- is the upward motion of a pistol’s barrel when fired.
MUZZLE RISE, OR MUZZLE CLIMB
115
- often called KNOCKBACK, KICKBACK OR SIMPLY KICK
RECOIL
116
- The speed of the bullet inside the barrel depends on the AMOUNT OF GUNPOWDER inside the cartridge case.
VELOCITY OF THE BULLET IN THE BARREL
116
speed of the bullet is
METERS PER SECOND
117
is used to load the proper amount of gunpowder in every ammunition.
"BALLISTICS DATA"
117
- The speed of the bullet inside the barrel depends on the ______ inside the cartridge case.
AMOUNT OF GUNPOWDER
118
--important data in military
"BALLISTICS DATA"
119
- when the bullet is driven by the heated gas by tremendous pressure towards the muzzle end, the bullet will rotate following the riflings inside the gun barrel.
ROTATION OF THE BULLET INSIDE THE BARREL
120
is the stability of the bullet within the effective range due to the twist of the rifling.
GYROSCOPIC STABILITY
121
This happens only to "RIFLED - BORE BARRELS".
GYROSCOPIC STABILITY
122
the bullet will just move forward with no stability.
"SMOOTH - BORE BARRELS"
123
- has grooves that help guide a bullet down the length of the barrel.
RIFLED-BORE BARRELS
124
- such as the modern high-powered hunting rifle, are extremely accurate.
RIFLED-BORE BARRELS
125
-fire a single projectile
RIFLED-BORE BARRELS
126
--used to clean the wounds
RIFLED-BORE BARRELS
127
--chamber marking (firing pin, breech face mark, ejector marking, extractor marking) + rifling marks
RIFLED-BORE BARRELS
128
- has a barrel that is completely smooth on the inside
SMOOTH-BORE BARRELS
129
-are far less accurate and usually are used for short range.
SMOOTH-BORE BARRELS
130
-are well-suited for firing multiple projectiles at the same time.
SMOOTH-BORE BARRELS
131
--close range
--once targeted, you are damaged or can be dead
SMOOTH-BORE BARRELS
132
--chamber marking only (firing pin, breech face mark, ejector marking, extractor marking)
SMOOTH-BORE BARRELS
133
- the lands and grooves, starting from the breech end up to the muzzle end of the barrel, will engraved in the body of the bullet, depending on the number of lands and grooves as part of the class characteristics of firearm.
ENGRAVING OF THE CYLINDRICAL SURFACE OF BULLET
134
- refers to helical grooves in the barrel of a gun or firearm, which imparts a spin to a projectile around its long axis.
RIFLING
135
is a steel brush to remove the metal left in the barrel
"METAL FOWLING"
136
a lubricant substance called
"GRAPHITE"
137
will spread and eventually prevent adherence of metal inside the barrel.
"GRAPHITE"
138
- is the study of the motion and traits of projectiles, after it has left from the muzzle of the gun, which includes the condition of the bullets movement, and flight up to the target.
EXTERIOR OR EXTERNAL BALLISTICS
138
--dry lubricant
"GRAPHITE"
139
- A sound or noise created at the muzzle end of the gun.
MUZZLE BLAST
140
-This is caused by the sudden exit of the heated gas coming in contact with air in the surrounding atmosphere at the muzzle end.
MUZZLE BLAST
141
-- spark in the end of the muzzle
--pressure release before or after it releases in the gun
* FLASH
142
COMPONENTS OF MUZZLE BLAST
* FLASH
* SOUND
* SHOCKWAVE
* HEAT AND SMOKE
143
-prominent in big firearm such as shotgun
* SHOCKWAVE
144
-chemical reaction of gun
* HEAT AND SMOKE
145
- These are generated at the muzzle end, whenever the cartridge explodes from a firearm.
MUZZLE ENERGY
146
--moving powers of bullet, how distractive the bullet is
MUZZLE ENERGY
146
curved path in the horizontal flight of the bullet
. TRAJECTORY
147
STAGES OF TRAJECTORY
1. STRAIGHT HORIZONTAL LINE
2. PARABOLA LIKE FLIGHT
3. VERTICAL DROP
147
-It will create energy which is expressed in foot pounds, based on the powder load of the cartridge.
MUZZLE ENERGY
147
-This is due to the air resistance encountered by the bullet.
"WOBBLING".
148
--pathway of projectile
TRAJECTORY
149
The curved path in the horizontal flight of the bullet, which usually occurred a few meters away from the muzzle of the firearm called
"WOBBLING".
150
- run out of energy or maximum range was reached
PARABOLA LIKE FLIGHT
151
- means a path that becomes more and more curved as range increases and velocity drops off.
PARABOLIC TRAJECTORY
151
maximum range was reached therefore it will fall down
VERTICAL DROP
152
the base of the bullet is not balance in density, or the portion of the base of the bullet is lacking in its ideal size due to factory defect.
TIPPING BULLET
153
in the other side of the bullet due to air bubble during the manufacture of the bullet.
"AIR SPACE"
154
- is the straight distance from the muzzle of the gun to the target.
RANGE
155
KINDS OF RANGE
1. ACCURATE OR EFFECTIVE RANGE
2. MAXIMUM OR ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RANGE
156
--not maxing out the bullet
ACCURATE OR EFFECTIVE RANGE
156
- refers to the distance within which the shooter or the firer has control of his shot meaning he can place his shot at the desire spot.
ACCURATE OR EFFECTIVE RANGE
157
- refers to the farthest distance that a projectile can be propelled from a firearm, up to final vertical drop to the ground.
MAXIMUM OR ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RANGE
158
-It is said that to achieve this range of a Projectile, it must have an elevation of 45 DEGREES.
MAXIMUM OR ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RANGE
159
MAXIMUM OR ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RANGE has elevation of ?
45 DEGREES.
160
COMPONENTS OF RANGE
* TYPE OF BULLET
* CALIBRE OR CALIBER OF FIREARM
* WITH RANGE
161
diameter of muzzle
CALIBER OR CALIBRE
162
-is the speed of the bullet per unit of the time, which is express in foot per second
VELOCITY
162
– refers to the stillness of rapid spinning motion of an elongated projectile that enables it to achieve its highest momentum for stability
GYROSCOPIC ACTION
163
speed of the bullet per unit of the time, which is express in foot per second, this could be determined by an instrument known as
CHRONOGRAPH.
164
- digital that is being used today to measure velocity
CRONOGRAPH
164
- the resistance encountered by the bullet in flight, which is early experience by the bullet few meters away from the muzzle of the gun.
AIR RESISTANCE
165
which reduces the speed of the bullet.
AERODYNAMIC DRAG
166
Air resistance usually called
AERODYNAMIC DRAG
167
- first to determine the drag of projectiles in flight with the use of the Ballistic Pendulum.
BENJAMIN ROBINS
168
THREE PARTS OF DRAG OF BULLET
1. BOW RESISTANCE
2. SKIN FRICTION
3. BASE DRAG
169
- this is due to air pressure at the head of the bullet.
BOW RESISTANCE
170
--first striking the tip of the bullet
BOW RESISTANCE
171
- this is cause by the friction of air moving along the middle portion of the body of the bullet.
SKIN FRICTION
172
--a.k.a VISCOUS DRAG which has minimal effect
SKIN FRICTION
173
- this is due to the pressure and disturbance of the air behind the base of the bullet.
BASE DRAG
173
The unstable movement of bullet in flight it is called
"YAW".
174
--every bullet has flat in the end where it creates low pressure region that increases the pull of the bullet making it decreases speed
BASE DRAG
175
YAWING FACTORS
* INHERENT BARREL
* GYROSCOPIC INCOMPATIBILITY
* WIND
176
The sideways hitting of bullet resulting to oval-like entry of bullet caused by yaw is called
"KEYHOLE SHOT".
177
Yaw is due to the wind coming from the side of the firer, to solve this dilemma the firer is using gadget known as
"WINDAGE"
178
is place and attached in the rear sight portion for adjustment
WINDAGE
179
- is a tool or equipment to read the existing air in order to know if it is okay to shoot
WINDAGE
180
- is the downward reaction of the bullet towards earth center, due to its weight.
PULL OF GRAVITY
181
-Once a projectile reaches the summit of its trajectory, it experiences a downward reaction due to its weight.
PULL OF GRAVITY
181
makes the projectile FALL toward the earth while in flight.
GRAVITATIONAL PULL OR THE FORCE OF GRAVITY
181
-refers to the effect of the air drag on the bullet's flight and can be used to predict any particular flight and can be used to predict any particular trajectory through drag table which apply to particular bullet and usually published by the BULLET MANUFACTURER.
"BALLISTICS COEFFICIENT"
182
--numerical value of projectile
"BALLISTICS COEFFICIENT"
183
--to maintain and overcome aerodynamic drag
"BALLISTICS COEFFICIENT"
184
"BALLISTICS COEFFICIENT" is published by
BULLET MANUFACTURER
185
is based on the power and velocity, to ensure depths of the entry of the bullet on the target.
PENETRATION
186
- it is the creation of face to face opening.
PERFORATION
187
--ability to pierce through the target (exit)
PERFORATION
188
- The bouncing of a projectile after hitting a surface.
RICOCHET
189
--deviate the normal trajectory
RICOCHET
190
--reasons resulting the ricochet:
* KIND OF BULLET BEING USED
* CHARACTERISTIC OF SURFACE
* PROJECTILE
191
* KIND OF BULLET
hallow- point bullet or round- nose bullet
192
-this is whereby the projectile may strike into a target to some depth, leaving an?
INDENTATION
193
- refers to the physical action of high explosives.
DETONATION
194
--idle time before explosion
--propagate explosion
DETONATION
195
--this is the first thing to happen before explosion
DETONATION
196
- the process of shattering and breaking up of bullets into fragments.
FRAGMENTATION
197
--once detonated it will explode
--designed for shrapnel
GRENADES
198
--metal fragment that flash out
SHRAPNEL
199
- The study of the effect of the impact of the bullet on the target.
TERMINAL BALLISTICS
200
-The knocking power of particular powder load of the cartridges makes a devastating lesion, caused by the bullet.
TERMINAL BALLISTICS
201
deals with the destructive actions and effects of projectile at the end of its flight.
TERMINAL BALLISTICS
202
-That object should be the target of the shooter.
TERMINAL BALLISTICS
203
The Damage to a target can be produced by
IMPACT, BLAST, HEAT, FRAGMENTATION, FIRE, RADIATION AND CHEMICAL OR BACTERIOLOGICAL ACTION.
204
The Damage to a target can be produced by IMPACT, BLAST, HEAT, FRAGMENTATION, FIRE, RADIATION AND CHEMICAL OR BACTERIOLOGICAL ACTION.
TERMINAL BALLISTICS
205
-A projectile's ability to damage a target depends on the size, shape, weight, speed, and composition of the projectile including the composition of the target.
TERMINAL BALLISTICS
206
- The size of the bullet grouping on the target.
TERMINAL ACCURACY
207
-In the target paper, there are
CORRESPONDING NUMBERS
208
-On the top portion, it is called
12 O'CLOCK.
209
The bottom is called
6 O'CLOCK
210
the left side is called
9 o'clock
210
- distractive power of bullet
TERMINAL ENERGY
210
The center of the target paper is called
"BULLS EYE”.
211
the right side is called
3 O'CLOCK.
212
- The energy of the bullet when it strike the target.
TERMINAL ENERGY
213
This refers to the fatal equivalent of a bullet when it struck the target.
TERMINAL ENERGY
214
- This refers to the speed of the bullet upon striking or hitting the target, which is express in foot per second or meter per second.
TERMINAL VELOCITY
215
-a.k.a FINAL VELOCITY
TERMINAL VELOCITY
216
speed of the bullet is
foot per second or meter per second.
217
- This refers to the depths of the entry of the bullet on the target.
TERMINAL PENETRATION
218
depth in loam soil
TWENTY FOUR (24) INCHES
218
depth in oak tree
FOURTEEN (14) INCHES
218
depth in dry sand
SEVEN (7) INCHES
219
depth in concrete or cemented wall.
FOUR (4) INCHES
220
how many yards
TWO HUNDRED YARDS
221
_____ military rifle projectiles?
average
222
200 yards is equivalent to
180 METERS
223
-It is expressed in hundredths of an inch such as CAL. 45, 38, 25 and etc.
AMERICAN SYSTEM
224
-It is expressed in thousandths of an inch such as CAL. 357, .380, .223 and etc.
ENGLISH SYSTEM
224
-It is expressed in millimeters such as 9MM, 5.56MM, 7.62MM and etc.
CONTINENTAL OR EUROPEAN SYSTEM
225
DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF CALIBER MEASUREMENTS
1.A. AMERICAN SYSTEM
2.B. ENGLISH SYSTEM
3.C. CONTINENTAL OR EUROPEAN SYSTEM
226
- Thus refers to the investigation and identification of firearms by means of ammunitions fired from the submitted suspected firearms.
FORENSIC BALLISTICS
227
is the pioneer in the field of forensic ballistics, was an expert in identifying firearm from the fired bullets.
DR. ALBERT LLEWELLYN HALL
228
FORM OF BALLISTICS
1. TRANSITIONAL BALLISTICS OR INTERMEDIATE BALLISTICS
2. WOUND BALLISTICS
229
- It is the study of a projectiles behavior from the time it leaves the muzzle until the pressure behind the projectile is equalized.
TRANSITIONAL BALLISTICS OR INTERMEDIATE BALLISTICS
230
-In other words, this is the area of ballistics that deals with the motion of the projectile from the time it leaves the muzzle until the only forces acting upon it are due to exterior ballistics.
TRANSITIONAL BALLISTICS OR INTERMEDIATE BALLISTICS
231
--in between the internal and external ballistics
TRANSITIONAL BALLISTICS OR INTERMEDIATE BALLISTICS
232
- it is closely associated with terminal ballistics, however it is primarily concerned with the nature and medical implications of physical injury and shock caused by bullets and explosively driven fragments.
WOUND BALLISTICS
233
THE PROBLEMS IN FORENSIC BALLISTICS
1.a. Given an EVIDENCE BULLET, determine the caliber and type or make of firearm used.
2.b. Given a FIRED CARTRIDGE CASE, determine the caliber and type or make of firearm used.
3.c. Given TWO OR MORE FIRED BULLETS, determine if they came from one and the same firearm (or two, or different firearms).
4.d. Given TWO OR MORE FIRED CARTRIDGE CASES, determine if they came from one and the same firearm (or two, or different firearms).
5.e. Given and EVIDENCE BULLET AND A SUSPECTED FIREARM, identify whether the submitted evidence bullet was fired from the submitted firearm.
6.f. Given a CARTRIDGE CASE AND A SUSPECTED FIREARM, determine whether the spent cartridge case was fired from the submitted suspected firearm.
7.g. Given a FIREARM, determine if serviceable or not by test firing.
