GUNPOWDER Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
- The powder that is used in ammunition in the propulsion of projectile.
A
GUNPOWDER
2
Q
has been replaced by the term propellant
A
GUNPOWDER
3
Q
it is considered the oldest propellant.
A
GUNPOWDER
4
Q
- It is a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate (saltpeter)
A
GUNPOWDER
5
Q
acting as fuels
A
sulfur and charcoal
6
Q
works as an oxidizer.
A
saltpeter
7
Q
–other name of gunpowder is
A
BLACK POWDER
8
Q
a chemical mixture that is known as propellant
A
BLACK POWDER
9
Q
have a big impact on combat and military
A
Gunpowder
10
Q
- The unrecognized inventor of gunpowder.
A
WU CHING TSUN
11
Q
–in history of ballistic, the usage of firearm and ammunitions is
A
CHINESE
12
Q
- An English monk and scientist, credited with the invention of gunpowder (blackpowder).
A
ROGER BACON (1248)
13
Q
–due to his writings, they saw the formulation of black powder which is the SALTPETER/ POTASSIUM NITRATE, SULFUR AND CHARCOAL
A
ROGER BACON (1248)
14
Q
ROGER BACON (1248) uses what in the formulation of black powder
A
SALTPETER/ POTASSIUM NITRATE, SULFUR AND CHARCOAL
15
Q
gives the color black on the black powder
A
CHARCOAL
16
Q
gives the smoke in black powder and are the first to use as form of explosion
A
POTASSIUM NITRATE AND SULFUR
17
Q
- a.k.a BERTHOLD SCHWARTZ (1300)
A
- CONSTANTINE ANKLITZEN
18
Q
– A German monk was credited for the application of gunpowder for propelling missile.
A
- CONSTANTINE ANKLITZEN
19
Q
- He invented smokeless gunpowder with nitrocellulose (as a base), a single - base propellant called “POUDRE B” made from gelatinized guncotton mixed with ether and alcohol.
A
- PAUL MARIE EUGENE VIEILLE OR PAUL VIEILLE (1886)
20
Q
made from gelatinized guncotton mixed with ether and alcohol.
A
“POUDRE B”
21
Q
single - base propellant called
A
“POUDRE B”
22
Q
is a light volatile flammable liquid.
A
Ether
23
Q
- It was passed through rollers to form thin sheets which were cut into flakes of the desired size.
A
“POUDRE B”
24
Q
contains less nitrogen than guncotton and less volatile.
A
PYROCELLULOSE
25
- The propellant today known as
PYROCELLULOSE
26
— still has a smoke but minimal only
SMOKELESS
27
—used in explosives and as a form or components of film since it is flammable so it is dangerous and being used in gunpowder
NITROCELLULOSE
28
TYPES OF BASE IN GUNPOWDER
1. SINGLE BASE
2. DOUBLE BASE
29
– He developed smokeless gunpowder called "BALLISTITE", a double - base propellant.
5. ALFRED E. NOBEL (1887)
30
--two main components: nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin
"BALLISTITE"
31
--has little improvement than the Poudre B
"BALLISTITE"
32
- They obtained a patent of modified form of smokeless gunpowder known as "CORDITE", this is another term that is being used for powder charge.
6. SIR FREDERICK ABEL AND JAMES DEWAR
33
--primary used as form of explosion and base in ammunition during WWI and WWII
CORDITE BY SIR FREDERICK ABEL AND JAMES DEWAR
34
--has three base: nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin, petroleum jelly
6. SIR FREDERICK ABEL AND JAMES DEWAR
35
- added this in the smokeless gunpowder so that the bullet exits the cartridge seamlessly
PETROLEUM JELLY
36
Weight of the propellant in a cartridge is expressed in
"GRAINS"
37
while countries using metric system expressed the weight of the gunpowder in
"GRAMS".
38
TYPES OF GUNPOWDER
1. BLACK POWDER
2. SMOKELESS POWDER
39
- It consists of jet black and shiny grains that compose of;
a. Potassium Nitrate - 75%
b. Charcoal - 15%
c. Sulfur- 10%
BLACK POWDER
40
--being used in fireworks
BLACK POWDER
41
BLACK POWDER
- It consists of jet black and shiny grains that compose of;
a. Potassium Nitrate -
b. Charcoal -
c. Sulfur-
a. Potassium Nitrate - 75%
b. Charcoal - 15%
c. Sulfur- 10%
42
SMOKELESS POWDER
– It produces small amount of smoke that compose of;
a. Nitrocellulose –
b. Nitroglycerine -
c. Vaseline/ Petroleum Jelly-
a. Nitrocellulose – 60 parts
b. Nitroglycerine - 35 parts
c. Vaseline/ Petroleum Jelly- 5 parts
43
GENERAL POWER OF GUNPOWDER
1. LONG ARMS
2. SHORT ARMS
44
- have slow burning gunpowder
LONG ARMS
45
- have fast burning gunpowder
SHORT ARMS
46
-The 1st examination and detection of GSR was done
* 1911
47
--first to use the Paraffin Testing
* 1911
48
--is now obsolete, however still part of the curriculum like in development of photography
PARAFFIN TESTING
49
--not being used in forensics especially crime scene investigations, since it gives false positive results (positive in paraffin testing but not in gunshot residue)
PARAFFIN TESTING
50
--it will be positive once there is the presence of some components
PARAFFIN TESTING
51
it only limits the person who fired the gun or confirming if he really is the one
PARAFFIN TESTING
52
SEM EDX
Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
53
it will collect the sample in the clothing, material, paper, skin using adhesive tape and being used in forensic examination
Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM EDX)
54
a chemist was the 1st to use Paraffin Wax to collect propellant residue.
DR. GONZALO ITURRIOZ
55
- Before was called "ITURRIOZ TEST" but popularly called as
"PARAFFIN TEST".
56
--first form or type of Paraffin Testing
"ITURRIOZ TEST"
57
-DR. GONZALO ITURRIOZ, a chemist was the 1st to use Paraffin Wax to collect propellant residue
* 1914
58
performed a modified version of the Iturrioz test using molten paraffin wax on the hands of firer.
THEODORO GONZALES
59
- THEODORO GONZALES performed a modified version of the Iturrioz test using molten paraffin wax on the hands of firer.
* 1931
60
- THEODORO GONZALES performed a modified version of the Iturrioz test using ___ on the hands of firer.
molten paraffin wax
61
- In 1933, he made a demonstrated the use of paraffin cast in Criminal Identification Laboratory of Mexico, USA which was called "DERMAL NITRITES TEST" OR "DIPHENYLAMINE TEST" AND "GONZALES TEST".
THEODORO GONZALES
62
- In 1933, he made a demonstrated the use of paraffin cast in Criminal Identification Laboratory of Mexico, USA which was called
"DERMAL NITRITES TEST" OR "DIPHENYLAMINE TEST" AND "GONZALES TEST".
63
--upgraded version of Gonzalo Paraffin Testing
"DERMAL NITRITES TEST" OR "DIPHENYLAMINE TEST" AND "GONZALES TEST".
64
- However, Paraffin test may also be "positive" if there is the presence of;
* FERTILIZER
* COSMETICS
* URINE
* TOBACCO
65
- However, Paraffin test may also be "positive" if there is the presence of;
* FERTILIZER
* COSMETICS
* URINE
* TOBACCO
"DERMAL NITRITES TEST" OR "DIPHENYLAMINE TEST" AND "GONZALES TEST".
66
– It is the positive reaction of nitrates and nitrites.
BLUE COLOR OR BLUE SPECKS
67
TYPES OF COLLECTION
1. COTTON SWABS
2. ADHESIVE STUBS
68
with 5% Nitric Acid Solution that particles maybe collected.
COTTON SWABS
69
– It is with the utilization of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Analysis.
ADHESIVE STUBS
70
--has a double-sided tape
ADHESIVE STUBS
71
is the most important consideration in dealing with GSR evidence.
Time Factor
72
The standard time frame is
3-6 hours
73
Careful preservation of ___ should be made.
clothing
74
The traditional belief to remove GSR on hands is by application of
vinegar.
75
is being used in forensic examination and it focuses on the gunshot residue (both presence primer and gunshot residue)
SEM EDX
75
--in the code standard of forensic
SEM EDX
75
G. METHODS OF EXAMINATIONS OF GUNSHOT RESIDUE OR PROPELLANT RESIDUE
1. NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS (NAA)
2. INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA - MASS SPECTROSCOPY PLASMA (ICP - MSP)
3. GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (GFAAS)
75
- The most efficient method employed in the analysis of GSR, computerized.
INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA - MASS SPECTROSCOPY PLASMA (ICP - MSP)
76
used in analysis of inorganic materials in primer residue such as Barium (Ba) and Antimony (Sb)
. GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (GFAAS)
77
- It detects the presence of nitrates and nitrites.
DIPHENYLAMINE TEST
78
- It detects presence of Lead Styphnate (Pb).
SODIUM RHODIZONATE TEST
79
-- but it can also detect all lead base ammunition
SODIUM RHODIZONATE TEST
80
initiator in Primer
Lead Styphnate (Pb)
81
- It detects presence of nitrates in unburned or partially burned gunpowder
WALKER TEST
82
- this is also used by the investigator to detect the Range (where the gun was fired)
WALKER TEST
83
--test that can detect the gunshot residue
WALKER TEST
84
GSR does not touch the target surface; instead lodged into the bullet hole
CONTACT
85
GSR is high density and close to the bullet hole
CLOSE RANGE
85
GSR is less dense and spread further from the bullet hole
MEDIUM RANGE
86
- It detects Nitrites.
GREISS TEST
86
GSR may not even reach the target surface. If it does, it will be very low density and spread fail around the bullet hole
LONG RANGE
86
- It both detects nitrates same with Greiss test.
MARSHALL AND TIWARI TEST
86
- The chemical used to indicate the presence of nitrocellulose.
LUNGE REAGENT
87
MAIN TYPES OF EXPLOSIVES
1. LOW EXPLOSIVES
2. HIGH EXPLOSIVE
88
- Undergo deflagration from few centimeters per second to approximately 400 meter per second.
1. LOW EXPLOSIVES
88
- This are normally employed as propellants for guns
1. LOW EXPLOSIVES
89
--combination of black powder and smokeless gunpowder
1. LOW EXPLOSIVES
90
faster like a sound
1. LOW EXPLOSIVES
91
-- has chemical reaction with heat and friction
1. LOW EXPLOSIVES
91
- It is also known as double - base powder.
HIGH EXPLOSIVE
92
- It undergoes detonation from 914 to 9,140 meter per second.
HIGH EXPLOSIVE
92
- It is also known as double - base powder.
HIGH EXPLOSIVE
93
CLASSIFICATION OF EXPLOSIVE ACCORDING TO SENSITIVITY
1. PRIMARY EXPLOSIVE
2. SECONDARY EXPLOSIVE
3. TERTIARY EXPLOSIVES
94
- This explosive us extremely sensitive to chemical shock, friction and heat such as Fulminate Mercury, Lead Styphnate and Lead Azide.
PRIMARY EXPLOSIVE
95
--not good in handling and stability so you need to be extra extra careful because it can explode to you
PRIMARY EXPLOSIVE
95
--expensive and sensitive on shock, friction and heat
PRIMARY EXPLOSIVE
96
--not good in handling and stability so you need to be extra extra careful because it can explode to you
PRIMARY EXPLOSIVE
97
--common in grenades, dynamite, landmines, improvised firearms by the NPA
SECONDARY EXPLOSIVE
98
- This explosive is insensitive to shock, friction and heat because there is a need to expose them to heat or flame to boost their power, like dynamite (developed by ALFRED NOBEL), TNT, RDX, PETN and HMX.
SECONDARY EXPLOSIVE
99
developed by ALFRED NOBEL
dynamite
100
- It is also called as BLASTING AGENTS
TERTIARY EXPLOSIVES
101
insensitive to shock.
TERTIARY EXPLOSIVES
102
- They cannot be reliably detonated with practical quantities of primary explosive and instead require an intermediate explosive booster of secondary explosive such as Ammonium Nitrate and Fuel oil Mixture.
TERTIARY EXPLOSIVES
103
--safe in storage, there is a need of big amount of this explosive in order for it to be dangerous
TERTIARY EXPLOSIVES
104
--can buy in bulk in commercial use
TERTIARY EXPLOSIVES
105
Secondary and Tertiary explosives is being used in
commercial application like demolitions
106
there is a grace period for you to run for your life or there is time to throw the grenade
Secondary and Tertiary explosives
