chapter 1

Question 1

What is the definition of archaeology?

Answer 1

Science of antiquity studying all documents related to human past

Archaeology comes from the Greek words ‘archaios’ meaning antique and ‘logos’ meaning science.

Question 2

What is the primary focus of archaeologists?

Answer 2

To read the past through objects considered as documents

Question 3

When does archaeology stop?

Answer 3

Archaeology stops yesterday; it is dynamic with today and tomorrow

Question 4

List the four major fields of archaeology.

Answer 4

• Archaeology Prehistoric
• Archaeology Protohistoric
• Archaeology Historical
• Archaeology Contemporary

Question 5

What does archaeology prehistoric cover?

Answer 5

From the dawn of humanity to the appearance of metal tools

Question 6

What characterizes archaeology protohistoric?

Answer 6

Civilizations using metal tools without writing

Question 7

What does archaeology historical refer to?

Answer 7

Civilizations with writing (e.g., Greek, Roman, Egyptian)

Question 8

What is archaeology contemporary?

Answer 8

Archaeology from the 20th and 21st centuries

Question 9

What are the primary sources of archaeology?

Answer 9

Objects of various kinds, written and oral narratives

Question 10

Who was Cyriaque d’Ancône?

Answer 10

An antiquarian from the Renaissance period

Question 11

What was Johann Winckelmann’s contribution?

Answer 11

Played a significant role during the Enlightenment in archaeology

Question 12

What is the significance of the expedition of Napoleon Bonaparte to Egypt?

Answer 12

Facilitated the collection of essential information about ancient Egypt

Question 13

What major archaeological discoveries are associated with Pompeii?

Answer 13

Monumental infrastructures like amphitheaters, forums, and houses

Question 14

When was Pompeii rediscovered?

Answer 14

The site was rediscovered in 1599, with scientific excavation starting in 1748

Question 15

What event buried Pompeii and Herculaneum?

Answer 15

The eruption of Mount Vesuvius on October 24, 79 A.D.

Question 16

What is a significant challenge faced by the site of Pompeii today?

Answer 16

Deterioration and theft, along with potential future eruptions

Question 17

What does the term ‘theocratic power’ refer to in ancient Egypt?

Answer 17

Power based on a monotheistic, polytheistic religion emphasizing the afterlife

Question 18

Quelle est la caractéristique principale de la religion égyptienne antique ?

Answer 18

Religion monolithique polythéiste

La religion agissait comme ciment social et privilégiait l’au-delà.

Question 19

Quel rôle joue l’architecture funéraire dans la culture égyptienne ?

Answer 19

Illustration de la vie dans l’au-delà

L’architecture funéraire comprend des structures comme le mastaba et la pyramide.

Question 20

Nommez les plus anciens hominidés mentionnés dans le texte.

Answer 20

• Ardi : 4,4 millions d’années
• Little Foot : 3,67 millions d’années
• Selam : 3,3 millions d’années
• Lucy : 3,18 millions d’années

Le débat persiste sur l’existence d’un ancêtre commun.

Question 21

Quel est le site considéré comme le plus vieil outil du monde ?

Answer 21

La grotte de Shum Laka (Cameroun)

Ce site a révélé des fouilles révélatrices.

Question 22

Quelles sont les autres fouilles archéologiques importantes en Afrique ?

Answer 22

• La grotte de Blombos (Afrique du Sud)
• La forteresse de Loropéni (Burkina Faso)
• L’art rupestre de Tsodilo (Botswana)

Ces sites apportent des contributions significatives à l’archéologie.

Question 23

Quels outils technologiques ont influencé l’archéologie moderne ?

Answer 23

• Satellite
• Internet
• Numérique

Ces outils incluent des banques de données comme le Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum et des banques de données d’art antique.

Question 24

Vrai ou Faux : L’égyptologie a connu un prestige mondial après la découverte de la tombe de Toutankhamon.

Answer 24

Vrai

Cette découverte a considérablement élevé le profil de l’égyptologie.