Chapter 1 Flashcards

Fundamental Techniques in Handling Peoples

1
Q

On May 7, 1931, the most sensational manhunt New York City had ever known had come to its climax.

/senˈseɪʃənl/

A

causing great suprise, excitement, or interest

trying to get your interest by presenting facts or events as worse or more shocking than they really are

inf. extremely good; wonderful

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2
Q

One hundred and fifty policemen and detectives laid siege to his top-floor hideaway.

A

lay siege to something
​to begin a siege of a town, building, etc.

​to surround a building, especially in order to speak to or question the person or people living or working there

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3
Q

They chopped holes in the roof; they tried to smoke out Crowley, the “cop killer,” with teargas (=gas that hurts eys)

A

​to force somebody/something to come out of a place by filling it with smoke

​to take action to discover where somebody is hiding or to make a secret publicly known

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4
Q

Then they mounted their machine guns on surrounding buildings, and for more than an hour

A

to organize and begin something
synonym arrange

to increase gradually

to get on a bicycle, horse, etc. in order to ride it

to go up something, or up on to something that is raised (=climb on the step)

to fix something into position on something, so that you can use it, look at it or study it

mount something to get onto the back of a female animal in order to have sex
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5
Q

New York’s fine residential areas reverberated with the crack of pistol fire and the rut-tat-tat of machine guns.

rɪˈvɜːrbəreɪt

A

to be repeated several times as it is reflected off different surfaces

reverberate (with/to something) (of a place) to seem to shake because of a loud noise

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6
Q

Crowley, crouching behind an over-stuffed chair, fired incessantly at the police

A

to put your body close to the ground by bending your legs under you
(=squat)

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7
Q

Crowley, crouching behind an over-stuffed chair, fired incessantly at the police

ɪnˈsesntli

A

without stopping
(=constantly)

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8
Q

Police Commissioner E. P. Mulrooney declared that the two-gun desperado was one of the most dangerous criminals ever encountered in the history of New York.

despəˈrɑːdəʊ

A

a man who does dangerous and criminal things without caring about himself or other people

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9
Q

But how did “Two Gun” Crowley regard himself?

A

to think about somebody/something in a particular way

to look at somebody/something, especially in a particular way

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10
Q

In this letter Crowley said, “Under my coat is a weary heart, but a kind one—one that would do nobody any harm.”

ˈwɪri

A

very tired, especially after you have been working hard or doing something for a long time

making you feel tired or bored

weary of something/of doing something (formal) no longer interested in or enthusiastic about something

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11
Q

Crowley drew his gun and cut the policeman down with a shower of lead (a situation where many bullets fall)

A

take out the weapon

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12
Q

Crowley leaped out of the car, grabbed the officer’s revolver, and fired another bullet into the prostrate body

ˈprɑːstreɪt

A

so shocked, upset, etc. that you cannot do anything
(=Prostrate in grief)

lying on the ground and facing downwards

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13
Q

America’s most notorious Public Enemy—the most sinister gang leader who ever shot up Chicago

/nəʊˈtɔːriəs

A

well known for being bad

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14
Q

America’s most notorious Public Enemy—the most sinister gang leader who ever shot up Chicago

‘sɪnɪstər

A

seeming evil or dangerous; making you think something bad will happen

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15
Q

America’s most notorious Public Enemy—the most sinister gang leader who ever shot up Chicago

A

squarrel

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16
Q

Dutch Schultz - one of US ‘s most notorious rats before he crumpled up under gangster bullets in Newark

A

crumple (up) to suddenly fall down with no control of your body because you are injured, unconscious, drunk, etc.

an unpleasant person, especially somebody who treats their partner or friends badly, for example by leaving them or cheating them

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17
Q

Most of them attempt by a form of reasoning, fallacious or logical, to justify their anti-social acts even to themselves, consequently stoutly maintaining that they should never have been imprisoned at all.”

/fəˈleɪʃəs/

A

wrong, based on wrong ideas

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18
Q

I have enough trouble overcoming my own limitations without fretting over the fact that God has not **seen fit **to distribute evenly the gift of intelligence.

A

to be worried, unhappy or not able to feel relax

to think it is good or necessary to do something

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19
Q

I personally had to blunder through this old world for a third of a century before it even began to dawn upon me that ninety-nine times out of a hundred, people don’t criticize themselves for anything, no matter how wrong it may be.

A

Loay hoay/ To move in an awkward way
to make a serious mistake due to carelessness

Dawn on/upon: start to realize it for the first time
Verb: to begin/ to be obvious or easy to understand

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20
Q

Criticism is futile because it puts a person on the defensive and usually makes him strive to justify himself

ˈfjuːtl

A

having no purpose because there is no chance of success

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21
Q

Criticism is futile because it puts a person on the defensive and usually makes him strive to justify himself

/ˈdʒʌs.tə.faɪ/

A

to give or to be a good reason for
justify yourself -> give good reason for what you have done

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22
Q

Criticism is dangerous, because it wounds a person’s precious pride, hurts his sense of importance, and arouses resentment

ˈpreʃəs

A

rare and worth a lot of money

valuable or important and not to be wasted

loved and valued very much

[only before noun] (informal) used to show you are angry that another person thinks something is very important

(disapproving) (especially of people and their behaviour) very formal, exaggerated and not natural in what you say and do

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23
Q

Criticism is dangerous, because it wounds a person’s precious pride, hurts his sense of importance and arouses resentment

A

resentment (towards/against somebody) a feeling of anger or unhappiness about something that you think is unfair

a feeling of anger or unhappiness about something that you think is unfair

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24
Q

As much as we thirst for approval, we dread condemnation.

A

to be very afraid of something; to fear that something bad is going to happen

an expression of very strong disapproval

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25
The resentment that criticism **engenders** can demoralize employees, family members and friends, and still not correct the situation that has been condemned. | ɪnˈdʒendər
engender something to make a feeling or situation exist
26
The resentment that criticism engenders can **demoralize** employees, family members and friends, and still not correct the situation that has been condemned. | dɪˈmɔːrəlaɪz
to make somebody lose confidence or hope
27
As a result he would get **sullen** acceptance, and often after he left, the workers would remove the hats. | ˈsʌl.ən
angry or unwilling to smile or be pleasant to people
28
When he returned, he exploded. He **denounced** Taft for his conservatism | dɪˈnaʊns
to strongly criticize somebody/something that you think is wrong, illegal, etc. to tell the police, the authorities, etc. about somebody’s illegal political activities
29
The most disastrous defeat the party had ever known | dɪˈzæstrəs
very bad, harmful or unsuccessful
30
Theodore Roosevelt blamed Taft, but did President Taft **blame** himself? | bleim
to say or think that somebody or something is responsible for something bad
31
Take the Teapot Dome oil scandal. It kept the newspapers ringing with indignation in the early 1920s. It **rocked** the nation!
If a person or place is rocked, it is surprised, upset, or excited rock: [ I ] She's such a great role model for young women – she really rocks! to be extremely good:
32
Albert B. Fall, secretary of the interior in Harding’s cabinet, was **entrusted** with the leasing of government oil reserves at Elk Hill and Teapot Dome | ɪnˈtrʌst
to make somebody responsible for doing something or taking care of somebody
33
Did secretary Fall permit competitive **bidding**?
the act of offering prices, especially at an auction ​the act of offering to do something or to provide something for a particular price
34
He handed the fat, juicy contract **outright** to his friend Edward L. Doheny | ˈaʊtraɪt
Clearly and completely in a direct way and without trying to hide anything
35
Then, in a **high-hande**d manner, Secretary Fall ordered United States Marines into the district
(of people or their behaviour) using authority in an unreasonable way, without considering the opinions of other people
36
Then, in a high-handed manner, Secretary Fall ordered United States Marines into the district to **drive off** competitors
to force somebody/something to go back or away to leave
37
competitors whose adjacent wells were **sapping** oils out of the Elk Hill Reserves
to make something/somebody weaker; to destroy something gradually in the context, it means extract the oil
38
These competitors, driven off their ground at the ends of guns and bayonets, rushed into court—and **blew the lid off ** the Teapot Dome scandal.
to tell people unpleasant facts about something
39
A **stench** arose so vile that it ruined the Harding Administration, nauseated an entire nation, threatened to wreck the Republican party, and put Albert B. Fall behind prison bars. | stentʃ
a strong and unpleasant smell
40
A stench arose so **vile** that it ruined the Harding Administration, nauseated an entire nation, threatened to wreck the Republican party, and put Albert B. Fall behind prison bars. | vail
extremely bad or unpleasant morally bad; completely unacceptable
41
Fall was condemned **viciously**—condemned as few men in public life have ever been | ˈvɪʃəsli
in a violent and cruel way in a way that is full of hate and angry
42
Did he **repent**? Never | rɪˈpent
to feel and show that you are sorry for something bad or wrong that you have done
43
Years later Herbert Hoover **intimated** in a public speech that President Harding’s death had been due to mental anxiety and worry because a friend had betrayed him. | ˈɪntɪmeɪt
To let other people know what you think or mean
44
He is the one who has been betrayed and led to the **slaughter** and crucified | ˈslɔːtər
The killing of an animal for their meat the cruel killing of large numbers of people at one time, especially in a war
44
He is the one who has been betrayed and led to the slaughter and **crucified**. | ˈkruːsɪfaɪ
to kill somebody as a punishment by fastening them to a wooden cross to criticize or punish somebody very severely
45
Lincoln’s long body lay stretched **diagonally** across a sagging bed that was too short for him | /daɪˈæɡənəli/
at an angle; in a way that joins two opposite sides of something at an angle
45
So when you and I **are tempted to** criticize someone tomorrow
to think that it would be pleasant, interesting to do something
46
A cheap **reproduction** of Rosa Bonheur’s famous painting The Horse Fair hung above the bed, and a dismal gas jet flickered yellow light. | /ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃn/
the act or process of producing babies, young animals or plants the act or process of producing copy of a book, document, picture, etc
47
A cheap reproduction of Rosa Bonheur’s famous painting The Horse Fair hung above the bed, and a **dismal** gas jet flickered yellow light. | ˈdɪzməl
causing or showing the feeling of being sad (weather) not successful; of very low quality
48
A cheap reproduction of Rosa Bonheur’s famous painting The Horse Fair hung above the bed, and a dismal gas jet **flickered** yellow light. | ˈflɪkər
to keep going on and off as it shines or burns to be expressed or appear somewhere for a short time
49
As Lincoln lay dying, Secretary of War Stanton said, “There lies the most perfect **ruler** of men that the world has ever seen.”
a person who rules or governs
50
Even after Lincoln had become a practicing lawyer in Springfield, Illinois, he attacked his opponents openly in letters published in the newspapers. But he did this just **once too often**.
to repeat a bad, stupid, or dangerous action with the result that you get punished or cause trouble for yourself
51
In the autumn of 1842 he ridiculed a **vain**, pugnacious politician by the name of James Shields. Lincoln lambasted him through an anonymous letter published in Springfield Journal
that does not produce the result you want (disapproving) too proud of your own appearance, abilities, or achievement
52
In the autumn of 1842 he ridiculed a vain, **pugnacious** politician by the name of James Shields. Lincoln lambasted him through an anonymous letter published in Springfield Journal | pʌɡˈneɪʃəs
having a strong desire to argue or fight with other people
53
In the autumn of 1842 he ridiculed a vain, pugnacious politician by the name of James Shields. Lincoln **lambasted** him through an anonymous letter published in Springfield Journal | læmˈbæst
to attack or critize somebody or something severely, espcially in public
54
Take the Teapot Dome oil scandal, it kept the newspapers ringing with **indignation** in the early 1920s | ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃn
a feeling of anger and surprise caused by something that you think is unfair and unreasonable
55
He found out who wrote the letter, leaped on his horse, started after Lincoln, and challenged him to fight a **duel**. | ˈduːəl
(in the past) a formal fight with weapons between 2 people who disagreed, especially over the matter of honor a competition or struggle between 2 people or group
56
He was **opposed** to dueling, but he couldn’t get out of it and save his honor | əˈpəʊzd
(of a person) disagreeing strongly with something and trying to stop it (idea, opinion) very different from something
57
That was the most **lurid** personal incident in Lincoln’s life | ˈlʊrɪd
shocking because involving violence or sex a too bright colour
58
McClellan, Pope, Burnside, Hooker, Meade—blundered tragically and **drove Lincoln to** **pacing** the floor in despair.
to force someone or something into a particular state, usually a bad or unpleasant one: to walk up and down in a small area many times, especially because you are feeling nervous or angry
59
“with malice toward none, with charity for all,” held his peace | 'mælɪs
a desire to harm somebody caused by a feeling of hate Held his peace: keep your silent (but you choose to keep silent rather than speak it out)
60
And when Mrs. Lincoln and others spoke harshly of the southern people, Lincoln replied, “Don’t criticize them; they are just what we would be under similar circumstances.” | ˈhɑːrʃli
in a cruel, severe, and unkind way in a way that is too strong and bright; in a way that is ugly or unpleasant to look at in a way that is unpleasant to listen to in a way that is too strong and rough and likely to damage something
61
During the night of July 4, Lee began to retreat southward while storm clouds **deluged** the country **with** rain. | ˈdeljuːdʒ
to send or give somebody/something a large number of things at the same time
62
Finally the waters **receded** and Lee escaped over the Potomac with his forces. | rɪˈsiːd
to move gradually away from somebody or away from previous position [intransitive] (especially of a problem, feeling or quality) to become gradually weaker or smaller
63
And remember, at this period of his life Lincoln was extremely conservative and restrained in his **phraseology**. | ˌfreɪziˈɑːlədʒi
the particular way in which words and phrases are arranged when saying or writing something
64
And remember, at this period of his life Lincoln was extremely conservative and **restrained** in his phraseology. | rɪˈstreɪn
to stop somebody/something from doing something, especially by using physical force to stop yourself from feeling an emotion or doing something that you would like to do
65
This letter coming from Lincoln in 1863 was **tantamount** **to** the severest rebuke. | ˈtæntəmaʊnt
having the same bad effect as something else If he resigned it would be tantamount to admitting that he was guilty.
66
this letter coming from Lincoln in 1863 was tantamount to the severest **rebuke**. | rɪˈbjuːk
the act of speaking severly to somebody because they have done something wrong
67
I do not believe you appreciate the **magnitude** of the misfortune involved in Lee’s escape. | ˈmæɡnɪtuːd
the great size of importance of something; the degree to which something is large or importance the degree to which something is bright the size of an earthquake
68
I do not believe you **appreciate** the magnitude of the misfortune involved in Lee’s escape. He was | əˈpriːʃieɪt
to recognize the good qualities of somebody/something to be grateful for something that somebody has done; to welcome something Your support is greatly appreciated. to understand that something is true The experience helped me understand and appreciate some of the difficulties people face to increase in value over a period of time We wanted a property that would appreciate in value.
69
Just a minute. Maybe I ought not to be so **hasty** | ˈheɪsti
said, made or done very quickly, especially when this has bad results hasty in doing something (of a person) acting or deciding too quickly, without enough thought
70
If I had Meade’s timid (shy and nervous; not brave) **temperament**, perhaps I would have done just what he had done | ˈtemprəmənt
the fact of tending to get emotional and excited very easily and behave in an unreasonable way a person’s or an animal’s nature as shown in the way they behave or react to situations or people
71
Anyhow, it is water under the bridge now
problem that someone had had in the past that they do not worry about because they happened a long time ago and can not now be changed
72
It will arouse hard feelings, **impair** all his further usefulness as a commander, and perhaps force him to resign from the army.” | ɪmˈper
to damage something or make something worse
73
Theodore Roosevelt said that when he, as President, was **confronted** with a perplexing problem | kənˈfrʌnt
be confronted by/with something to have something in front of you that you have to deal with or react to confront somebody with somebody/something to make somebody face or deal with an unpleasant or difficult person or situation confront somebody to face somebody so that they cannot avoid seeing and hearing you, especially in an unfriendly or dangerous situation confront something to deal with a problem or difficult situation confront somebody/something (of problems or a difficult situation) to appear and need to be dealt with by somebody
74
Theodore Roosevelt said that when he, as President, was confronted with a **perplexing** problem | pərˈpleksɪŋ
making you confused or worried because you do not understand something
75
The next time we are tempted to **admonish** somebody | ədˈmɑːnɪʃ
to tell somebody strongly and clearly that you do not approve of something that they have done to strongly advise somebody to do something
76
he once wrote to a man who had aroused his **ire**: “The thing for you is a burial permit. You have only to speak and I will see that you get it.” | ˈaɪər
Anger
77
“The thing for you is a **burial** permit. You have only to speak and I will see that you get it.” | ˈberiəl
the act or ceremony of burying a dead body
78
He ordered, “Set the matter according to my copy hereafter and see that the proofreader **retains** his suggestions in the mush of his decayed brain | /rɪˈteɪn/
to keep something; to continue to have something retain something to continue to hold or contain something
79
He ordered, “Set the matter according to my copy hereafter and see that the proofreader retains his suggestions in the mush of his **decayed** brain
to be destroyed gradually by natural processes; to destroy something in this way if a building or an area decays, its condition slowly becomes worse to become less powerful and lose influence over people, society, etc
80
The writing of these **stinging** letters made Mark Twain feel better. | stɪŋ
to make somebody feel angry or upset (of an insect or plant) to touch your skin or make a very small hole in it so that you feel a sharp pain Ex: a bee stings me to feel, or to make somebody feel, a sharp pain in a part of their body (informal) to charge somebody more money than they expected; to charge somebody who did not expect to pay
81
They allowed him to **blow off steam**, and the letters didn’t do any real harm, because Mark’s wife secretly lifted them out of the mail
release stress, anxiety
82
When I was still young and trying hard to impress people, I wrote a foolish letter to Richard Harding Davis, an author who once **loomed** large on the literary horizon of America | lu:m
to appear as a large shape that is not clear, especially in a frightening way (of something bad) to appear serious and likely to happen soon
83
A few weeks earlier, I had received a letter from someone with this notation at the bottom: “**Dictated** but not read.”
to say words for somebody else to write down or to be recorded to control or influence how something happens to tell somebody what to do, especially in an annoying way
84
He simply returned it to me with this **scribbled** across the bottom: “Your bad manners are exceeded only by your bad manners.” | ˈskrɪbl
to write something quickly and carelessly, especially because you do not have much time to draw marks that do not mean anything
85
He simply returned it to me with this scribbled across the bottom: “Your bad manners are **exceeded** only by your bad manners.” | ɪkˈsiːd
to be greater than a particular number or amount to do more than a law or an order et,. allow you to do to be better than expected exceed expectation
86
If you and I want to **stir up** a resentment tomorrow that may rankle across the decades and endure until death, just let us indulge in a little stinging criticism, no matter how certain we are that it is justified.
to make people feel strong emotions to try to cause arguements or problems
87
If you and I want to stir up a resentment tomorrow that may **rankle** across the decades and endure until death, just let us indulge in a little stinging criticism, no matter how certain we are that it is justified. | ˈræŋkl
​if something such as an event or a remark rankles, it makes you feel angry or upset for a long time
88
If you and I want to stir up a resentment tomorrow that may rankle across the decades and endure until death, just let us indulge in a little stinging criticism, no matter how certain we are that it is **justified**. | ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪd
having a good reason to do something existing or done for a good reason
89
When dealing with people, let us remember we are not dealing with creatures of logic. We are dealing with creatures of emotion, creatures **bristling with **prejudices and motivated by pride and vanity. | ˈbrɪsl
to contain a large number of something to suddenly become very annoyed or offended at what somebody says or does (of an animal’s fur) to stand up on the back and neck because the animal is frightened or angry
90
When dealing with people, let us remember we are not dealing with creatures of logic. We are dealing with creatures of emotion, creatures bristling with prejudices and motivated by pride and **vanity**. | ˈvænəti
excessive pride in or admiration of one's own appearance, achievements, or qualities.
91
Benjamin Franklin, **tactless** in his youth, became so **diplomatic**, so adroit at handling people, that he was made American Ambassador to France. | ˈtæktləs | ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk
​saying or doing things that are likely to annoy or to upset other people having or showing skills in dealing with people in difficult situation connected with managing relations between countries
92
By **deft** maneuvering he managed to land the plane, but it was badly damaged although nobody was hurt. | deft
(of a person’s movements) quick and showing skill Clever and showing skill
93
By deft **maneuvering** he managed to land the plane, but it was badly damaged although nobody was hurt. | məˈnuːvərɪŋ
​ways of achieving your aims that are clever, show skill and are often dishonest
94
Benjamin Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so **adroit** at handling people, that he was made American Ambassador to France. | /əˈdrɔɪt
clever and showing skill
95
The secret of his success? “I will **speak ill of **no man,” he said, "and speak all the good I know of everybody.”
to say unkind things about someone:
96
The young man was sick with the **agony** of his mistakes | ˈæɡəni
extreme physical or mental pain sick (and tired) of someone/something to have experienced too much of someone or something with the result that you are annoyed
97
the blond curls stickily wet on your **damp** forehead | dæmp
slightly wet, often in a way that is unpleasant
98
a stifling wave of remorse swept over me | ˈstaɪflɪŋ/
​making you feel unable to breathe, because it is too hot and/or there is no fresh air making you feel trapped and unable to do or say what you want
99
a stifling wave of **remorse** swept over me | /rɪˈmɔːrs
​the feeling of being extremely sorry for something wrong or bad that you have done
100
I have stolen into your room alone
To steal is also to do something quickly while trying not to be seen doing it:
101
I have been cross to you
to annoy someone by not doing or saying what they want:
102
I scolded you as you were dressing for school because you gave your face merely a **dab** with a towel
to touch something slightly, usually several times to put something on a surface with quick movements Ex: She dabbed a little perfume behind her ears.
103
I ** took you to task ** for not cleaning your shoes
To criticise or speak angrily to someone for something that they have done wrong
104
You gulped down your food
gulp something (down) to swallow large amounts of food or drink quickly to swallow, but without eating or drinking something, especially because of a strong emotion such as fear or surprise Ex: Do you know where she is?’ asked Chris. The man gulped nervously and nodded.
105
I **humiliated** you before your boyfriends by marching you ahead of me to the house | hjuːˈmɪlieɪt
to make somebody feel ashamed or stupid and lose the respect of other people
106
Do you remember, later, when I was reading in the library, how you came in **timidly**, with a sort of hurt look in your eyes?
in a shy and nervous way
107
You said nothing, but ran across in one **tempestuous** plunge | temˈpestʃuəs
full of extreme emotions caused by or affected by a violent storm to (cause someone or something to) move or fall suddenly and often a long way forward, down, or into something: to become lower in value or level very suddenly and quickly:
108
an affection that God had set blooming in your heart and which even neglect could not **wither**. | ˈwɪðər
if a plant withers or something withers it, it dries up and dies wither (away) to become less or weaker, especially before disappearing completely
109
And then you were gone, **pattering** up the stairs.
the sound that is made by something repeatedly hitting a surface quickly and lightly fast continuous talk by somebody who is trying to sell you something or entertain you
110
What has habit been doing to me? The habit of finding fault, of **reprimanding**—this was my reward to you for being a boy | ˈreprɪmænd
the act of telling somebody officially that you do not approve of them or their actions
111
I was measuring you by the yardstick of my own years. | jɑːrdstɪk
a ruler for measuring one yard a standard used for judging how good or successful something is
112
It is a **feeble** atonement; I know you would not understand these things if I told them to you during your waking hours | ˈfiːbl
very weak not effective, not showing energy or effort
113
It is a feeble **atonement**; I know you would not understand these things if I told them to you during your waking hours | əˈtəʊnmənt
the act of showing you are sorry for something wrong in the past
114
But tomorrow I will be a real daddy, I will **chum with** you
establish the a friendship
115
I will keep saying as if it were **ritual**: "He is nothing but a boy - a little boy"
a series of actions that are always performed in the same way, especially as part of a religious ceremony something that is done regularly and always in the same way
116
Yet as I see you now, son, crumpled and weary in your cot, I see that you are still a baby
very tired, especially after you have been working hard or doing something for a long time making you feel tired or bored (formal) no longer interested in or enthusiastic about something cot = small bed for a baby