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Key Terms ( Bio 1 ) > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Anaphase

A

Third phase of mitosis, sister chromatids, separate into individual chromosomes, and move to opposite poles

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2
Q

Apoptosis

A

Control death of a cell that is no longer useful

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3
Q

Cancer cell

A

Cell that divides uncontrollably; develops when a mutation occurs in the cell that affects how the cell divide

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4
Q

Cell

A

Basic unit of life for all living things

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5
Q

Cell cycle

A

Repeating cycle of events in the life of a cell in which it grows and prepares for division

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6
Q

Cell membrane

A

Protective barrier formed around every cell made of double layer of fat

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7
Q

Cell specialization

A

Process when cells develop in different ways to perform particular functions

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8
Q

Cell wall

A

Rigid frame around a plant cell that provides protein and support

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9
Q

Centraile

A

Pair of substances involved in cell division in animal cells

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10
Q

Chloroplast

A

Organelle that contains a green substance called chlorophyl found only implant and some algae

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11
Q

Chlorosomes

A

Long piece of coil, DNA and protein only visible during mitosis

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12
Q

Concentration

A

Amount of substance that has been dissolved in a solution

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13
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division of the cytoplasm during mitosis

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14
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Jelly like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles

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15
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Internal network of fibres within a cell made up of protein filament

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16
Q

Differentiation

A

Process when the same cells become specialized so that they can perform different functions

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17
Q

Diffusion

A

Process for moving substances across the cell membrane

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18
Q

Goldie appatus

A

Structure that receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum ; modifies and sorts and packages these proteins for delivery throughout the cell or outside the cell

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19
Q

Granum

A

Stack of thylakoids

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20
Q

Interphase

A

Stage in the cell in which the cell grows and prepares for the cell division

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21
Q

Lysosomes

A

Small organelle fluid with enzyme when digestion takes place

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22
Q

Meristematic cell

A

Stem cells that are found in plant and can become specialized

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23
Q

Meristematic tissue

A

Plant tissue formed from groups of meristematic cell

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24
Q

Mesophyll

A

Specialized ground tissue in which photosynthesis and gas exchange occurs

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25
Metaphase
Second stage in mitosis
26
Mitchocondria
Organelle that converts, chemical energy and sugar into energy that the cell can use known as the powerhouse of the cell
27
Mitosis
Stage in a cell cycle where the cell divides into new daughter cells 
28
Nucleus
Control centre in an atom, composed of protons and neutrons
29
Organelle
Small part in cell that maintains life process of the cell
30
Phloem
Vascular tissue in a plant that transports to sugar produce during photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of on the plant
31
Prophase
First phase in mitosis when the chromosomes group together in pairs
32
Red blood cell
Blood cell that contains haemoglobin a protein that can absorb and release oxygen
33
Regeneration
Process when a body part is replaced or regrown
34
Ribosomes
Small, dense, looking organelle that is attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm
35
Rough endoplasm reticulum
Organelle that is made up of a series of interconnected small tubes that carries materials through the cell has ribosomes attached associated with making protein
36
Sister chromatid
One of the two identical copies of the chromosomes
37
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Organelle made of a series of interconnected small tubes that carry materials through the cell produce fats and oils
38
Stem cell
Specialized cell that conform specialized cells
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Stomate
Tiny opening or pour in the end underside of a leaf that allows carbon dioxide water vapour and oxygen to move in or out of the leaf easily
41
Telophase
Fourth and final phase of mitosis
42
Thylakoid
One of the little stacks hthat make up a chloroplast collect light energy from the sun, which is used in photosynthesis
43
Tissue
Group of cells that function together to perform a specialized task
44
Vacules
Membrane bound, organelle, that stores nutrients waste and other substances used by a cell in plant cells. The centre vacuole stores water for the cell
45
Vesicles
Membrane bound, organelle that transports substances through a cell
46
Xylem
Vasuole tissues in a plant that carries waste and minerals from the roots up to the stem of the leaves
47
What’s the difference between a plant cell and an animal cell
- plant cells have chlorophyll (photosynthesis) - plant cells have big central vacuole animal cells have small - plant cells store energy in the form of oils plant cells store energy in the form of fats - animal cells have centrioles - different shapes
48
49
Prophase
Chromosomes become visible, the nuclear membrane breaks down and spindle fibres start to form
50
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up at the cells equator, the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.
51
Anaphase
The duplicated chromosomes are pulled apart toward opposite sides of the cells
52
Telophase
New nuclear membranes form around the separated chromatids
53
Interphase
When a cells grows as big as it can be and the cell has to divide before it bursts
54
Where are embryonic stem cells found
Embryos
55
What are the 4 types of tissues in an animal cell
Epithelial Nervous Muscle Connective
56
Epithelial
Cover to protect body ( skin )
57
Nervous
Sends signals around the body (nerves)
58
Muscle
Helps with movement ( like your blood- heart)
59
Connective
Supports and connects other tissues. (bones)
60
Normal vs cancer cell
Normal cells grow, divide, and die in a regulated way. Cancer cells divide uncontrollably and don’t die when they should, they can also spread around the body.
61
Coarse adjustment knob
Used for large scale focusing and moving the stage
62
Fine adjustment knob
Precise fine tuning ( detailed viewing )
63
Peroxisomes
cell parts that break down fats and detoxify harmful stuff. ( like poisons- alcohol )
64
65
Centromere
the middle part of a chromosome that helps separate it during cell division.
66
Centriole
are structures in animal cells that help organize cell division.
67
Muscle tissue
Muscle tissue is what allows your body to move like walking, digesting, and pumping blood.
68
Connective tissue
like the glue and support system in your body, holding everything together and providing structure. ( bones )
69
Nucleolus
The nucleolus is like a ribosome factory inside the cell's nucleus. It makes the parts needed to build ribosomes, which then make proteins.
70
Nervous tissue
Nervous tissue is what makes up your brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It helps you send and receive signals throughout your body.
71
Diffusion in a cell
the movement of molecules from an area where they are highly concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated. This process doesn't require energy and helps cells get the nutrients they need and get rid of waste.
72
Calculation of total magnification
73
Typical human cell has how many chromosomes
64
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75
Four types of
76
Four types of tissues in an plant cell
Meristematic Permanent Vascular Dermal
77
Permanent tissue in plant cell
Specific function like transportation, photosynthesis, water and support
78
Vascular tissue and plant cell
Transporter. Things like water minerals or food
79
What does the dermal tissue do in a plant cell?
Like skin protects the plant from damage and controls water and gas exchange
80
Five organelles that are common implant and animal cells
Nucleus Ribosomes Smooth endoplasmic reticulum My mitochondria Golgi apparatus
81
82
Define total magnification
Multiply the eye piece by 10

Key Terms ( Bio 1 ) (2 decks)

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