Chapter 1 Flashcards
(10 cards)
Define the difference between data and information
Data are raw facts, unprocessed and unformatted. Information is the result of processing data, giving it meaning. Information enables decision-making and leads to actionable knowledge.
Describe what a database is and why it’s valuable for decision making
A database is a shared, integrated structure storing end-user data and metadata. It enables quick, secure data access and supports decision-making by transforming data into usable information.
What are the types of databases by number of users?
Single-user: one user at a time (e.g., desktop DB). Multiuser: many users concurrently. Workgroup DB (<50 users), Enterprise DB (>50 users).
What are the types of databases by location of data?
Centralized: data at one site. Distributed: data across several sites. Cloud: maintained via cloud services like AWS/Azure, with no local infrastructure management.
What are the types of databases by type of data stored?
General-purpose: wide range of data across disciplines. Discipline-specific: focused data for academic/research use.
What are the types of databases by intended data usage?
Operational (OLTP): supports daily transactions. Analytical: supports decision-making, includes data warehouses and OLAP tools.
What are the types of databases by structure of data?
Unstructured: raw format. Structured: tabular, relational format. Semistructured: partially formatted (e.g., HTML). XML DBs and NoSQL DBs handle flexible formats and big data.
Explain the importance of database design
Good design ensures correct data storage and accurate results. Poor design causes errors and redundancy. Design should match use (transactional vs analytical) and minimize anomalies/nulls.
How did modern databases evolve from file systems?
File systems had separate files, limited data sharing, and inconsistency. DBMSs replaced them with integrated, logical data repositories, eliminating many issues and enabling better data control.
What were the flaws of file system data management?
Problems included long development times, structural and data dependence, poor security, redundancy, and data anomalies (e.g., update, insertion, deletion anomalies).
