chapter 1 Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is the historical perspective of materials usage?
The progression of material usage through human history, evolving from natural to advanced engineered materials.
What materials were used in the Stone Age?
Natural materials such as stone, wood, and skins.
What is the Bronze Age known for?
The use of bronze alloy (Copper + <25% Tin), which is corrosion-resistant.
What characterized the Iron Age?
The development of stronger, cheaper iron and steel.
What materials define the Advanced Materials Age?
Ceramics, polymers, composites, and semiconductors.
What is Materials Science?
The study of the relationship between structure, properties, and processing.
What is Materials Engineering?
The design of materials with desired properties using scientific knowledge.
What core concept combines chemistry, physics, and engineering in materials science?
The Tetrahedron Model.
What is the formula for performance in materials science?
Performance = f(Properties, Structure, Processing)
What does ‘Structure’ refer to in materials science?
The arrangement of internal components of a material at different scales.
What are the levels of structure in materials science?
Subatomic, Atomic, Microscopic, and Macroscopic.
What is the conceptual formula relating properties and structure?
Properties ∝ Structure
What is ‘Processing’ in materials science?
Methods used to shape or treat materials to influence structure and properties.
What are some examples of processing methods?
Hot rolling, cold rolling, and heat treatment.
What is the formula relating structure and processing?
Structure = f(Processing)
What are ‘Properties’ in materials science?
Material traits in response to forces or environment.
What types of properties are studied in materials science?
Mechanical, Electrical, Thermal, Optical, Magnetic, and Deteriorative.
What is the equation for electrical resistivity?
ρ = R * (A / L)
ρ: resistivity, R: resistance, A: area, L: length
What is ‘Performance’ in materials science?
Material behavior in service conditions, including life and reliability.
What factors affect performance in materials science?
Properties, environment, and processing.
What is the formula relating performance to other factors?
Performance ∝ f(Properties, Environment, Processing Conditions)
What are the classifications of materials based on types?
Metals, Polymers, Ceramics, Composites, Semiconductors, Biomaterials, and Functional Materials.
What are metals known for?
Being strong, ductile, and conductive (e.g., iron, steel).
What are polymers characterized by?
Being light, insulating, and soft (e.g., plastics).
