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Microprocessors > Chapter 1-2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

Block Diagram of a microprocessor-based computer system

A

Memory system <–> Microprocessor <–> I/O System

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2
Q

Parts of the memory system

A

TPA, System Area, XMS

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3
Q

Holds the DOS operating system and other programs that control the computer system

A

TPA

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4
Q

What does TPA stand for?

A

Transient Program Area

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5
Q

What does DOS stand for?

A

Disk Operating System

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6
Q

Usual length of TPA

A

640KB

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7
Q

Represents the memory addresses that begin and end each data area?

A

Hexadecimal Number

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8
Q

Contains programs that allow DOS to use keyboard, video display, printer, and other I/O devices often found in computers.

A

IO.SYS

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9
Q

What does MSDOS stand for?

A

Microsoft Disk Operating System

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10
Q

What does BIOS stand for?

A

Basic Input/Output System

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11
Q

Are programs that control installable I/O devices

A

Drivers

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12
Q

What does RAM stand for?

A

Random Access Memory

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13
Q

What does ROM stand for?

A

Read-Only Memory

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14
Q

What does CD stand for?

A

Compact Disc

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15
Q

What does DVD stand for?

A

Digital Versatile Disc

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16
Q

Extension for DOS drivers

A

.SYS

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17
Q

Extension of DOS version 3.2 and later

A

.EXE

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18
Q

A file used by Windows to load drivers used by Windows

A

SYSTEM.INI

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19
Q

What does SYS stand for?

A

System

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20
Q

What does EXE stand for?

A

Executable

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21
Q

What does INI stand for?

A

Initialization

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22
Q

Contain information about the system and the drivers used

A

Registry

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23
Q

Program used to view the registry

A

REGEDIT

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24
Q

What does REGEDIT stand for?

A

Windows Registry Editor

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25
Q

Controls operation of the computer from the keyboard when operated in the DOS mode

A

COMMAND.COM / Command Processor

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26
Q

What does COM stand for?

A

Commercial

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27
Q

What happens if you erase COMMAND.COM

A

The computer cannot be used from the keyboard in DOS mode

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28
Q

Contains programs on read-only or flash memory, and areas of read/write memory for data storage

A

System Area

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29
Q

Hexadecimal range of the first area of the system space

A

A0000H to C7FFFH

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30
Q

What does the first area of the system space contain?

A

video display RAM and video control programs on ROM or flash memory

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31
Q

Display adapters generally have their video RAM located at _________, which stores graphical or bit-mapped data

A

A0000H to AFFFFH

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32
Q

Memory at __________ stores text data

A

B0000H to BFFFFH

33
Q

The video BIOS is at locations ____________ and contains programs that control the DOS video display

A

C0000H to C7FFFH

34
Q

The area at these locations is often open or free. Also used for EMS in PC or XT system, or for the upper memory system in an AT system.

A

C8000H to DFFFFH

35
Q

What does XT stand for?

A

Extended Technology

36
Q

What does AT stand for?

A

Advanced Technology

37
Q

What does EMS stand for?

A

Expanded Memory System

38
Q

How much page frame of memory does EMS allow to be used by application programs.

A

64KB page frame

39
Q

Where is the 64KB page frame usually located?

A

D0000H to DFFFFH

40
Q

Locations that contain the cassette BASIC language on ROM fond in early IBM personal computer systems.

A

E0000H to EFFFFH

41
Q

Where in the 64KB of the system area is the system BIOS ROM be located?

A

F0000H to FFFFFH

42
Q

This ROM controls the operation of the basic I/O devices connected to the computer system

A

BIOS ROM

43
Q

Part of the system BIOS that often contains programs that set up the ccomputer

A

F0000H to F7FFFH

44
Q

Part of the system BIOS that contains procedures that control the basic I/O system

A

second part? F8000H to FFFFFH

45
Q

Two main areas of the Windows memory map

A

TPA and system area

46
Q

How much memory can Windows programs use when it is located at linear addresses 00000000H through 7FFFFFFFH?

A

2GB

47
Q

Which linear addresses is the Windows TPA found?

A

00000000H to 7FFFFFFFH

48
Q

Which linear addresses is the Windows system area found?

A

80000000H to FFFFFFFFH

49
Q

Assigns physical memory to application

A

Operating System

50
Q

What is used when there is not enough physical memory?

A

Hard Disk

51
Q

Devices that allow the microprocessor to communicate with the outside world.

A

I/O devices

52
Q

Is similar to a memory address, except that instead of addressing memory, it addresses an I/O device

A

I/O port address

53
Q

Ports where the I/O space in a computer system extends

A

0000H to FFFFH

54
Q

Location of the section of the I/O area that is considered reserved for system devices

A

below 0400H

55
Q

Location of the section of the I/O area that is for expansion

A

0400H to FFFFH

56
Q

I/O addresses that address components on the main board of the computer.

A

0000H to 00FFH

57
Q

I/O addresses that address devices located on plug-in cards

A

0100H to 03FFH

58
Q

The controlling element in a computer system

A

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

59
Q

Three main tasks of the microprocessor for the computer system.

A

Data transfer between itself and the memory or I/O systems;
Simple arithmetic logic operations;
Program flow via simple decisions;

60
Q

The capability to execute billions of millions of instructions per second from a program or software

A

group of instructions

61
Q

What is a data width of 16 bits called?

A

Word

62
Q

What is a data width of 32 bits called?

A

Doubleword

63
Q

What is a data width of 64 bits called?

A

Quadwords

64
Q

What is a data width of 128 bits called?

A

Octalwords

65
Q

What does SIMD stand for?

A

Single Instruction, Multiple Data

66
Q

A common group of wires that interconnect
components in a computer system.

A

Buses

67
Q

How many buses exist for transfer of information in the microprocessor-based computer system

A

3

68
Q

Three buses exist for this transfer of information:

A

address, data, control

69
Q

Requests a memory location from the memory or an I/O location from the
I/O devices

A

Address Bus

70
Q

Transfers information between
the microprocessor and its memory and I/O address space.

A

Data Bus

71
Q

Lines select and cause memory or
I/O to perform a read or write operation.

A

Control Bus

72
Q

The 4 control bus connections

A

MRDC, MWTC, IORC, IOWC

73
Q

What does MRDC stand for?

A

Memory Read Control

74
Q

What does MWTC stand for?

A

Memory Write Control

75
Q

What does IORC stand for?

A

I/O Read Control

76
Q

What does IOWC stand for?

A

I/O Write Control

77
Q

Indicates the control signal is active-low

A

Overbar

78
Q

active when logic zero appears on control line

A

Active-Low

Microprocessors (28 decks)

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