chapter 1 & 2

Question 1

phonetics

Answer 1

study of the nature of speech sounds

Question 2

what does the study of phonetics cover?

Answer 2

production by vocal tract

perception by the auditory system

physical properties as sound waves

Question 3

phonology

Answer 3

studies systematic organization of speech sounds in production of language

Question 4

what does phonology cover?

Answer 4

relationship between how sounds are produced and stored in the mind

which phonetic distinctions are significant enough to signal differences in meaning

how the sounds are organized within words

linguistic rules that specify the manner in which phonemes are organized and combined into syllables, words, and sentences

Question 5

dialect

Answer 5

variation of speech or language based on geographical area, native language background, and social or ethnic group membership.

SLP should not be concerned with dialect, only with remediation of speech sound errors

Question 6

transcription

Answer 6

thinking about the sounds you hear and writing them down

Question 7

grapheme

Answer 7

written letter than represents a sound

Question 8

allographs

Answer 8

different letter sequences or sounds that represent the same sound

f/ph

Question 9

morpheme

Answer 9

smallest units of sound or combination of sounds that make up words in speech and have meaning

Question 10

free morpheme

Answer 10

can stand alone

Question 11

bound morpheme

Answer 11

cannot stand alone

Question 12

phoneme

Answer 12

speech sound capable of differentiating morphemes

Question 13

phonetic alphabet

Answer 13

alphabet that contains a separate letter for each individual sound in a language

contains one to one relationship between a sound and symbol

Question 14

allophone

Answer 14

a possible spoken sound used to produce a single phoneme

Question 15

complementary distribution

Answer 15

distribution of phones in their respective phonetic environments in which one phone never appears in the same phonetic context as the other

Question 16

free variation

Answer 16

a different pronunciation does no my result in a different word or meaning

Question 17

syllable

Answer 17

basic unit of speech production and perception generally consisting of a segment of great acoustic energy and segments of lesser energy

Question 18

onset

Answer 18

onset of a syllable consists of all the consonants that proceed a vowel

if there is no initial consonant, there is no onset

Question 19

nucleus

Answer 19

part of the syllable with the most acoustic energy

usually but not really a vowel

Question 20

syllabic consonants

Answer 20

when consonants take on the role of vowels

Question 21

open syllables

Answer 21

no consonant behind the vowel; long vowel

Question 22

closed syllables

Answer 22

end in consonants and have a short vowel sound

Question 23

rhyme

Answer 23

sequence of words where there is a regular reoccurrence of similar sounds

syllable segment consisting of an obligatory nucleus and an optional coda

Question 24

coda

Answer 24

consonants that follow a vowel in any syllable; not all syllables have a coda

Question 25

stress

Answer 25

production of a syllable with increased force or muscular energy, resulting in a syllable that is perceived as being louder, longer in duration, or higher in pitch (lexical stress) patterned changes in pitch in speech, usually in combination with changes in loudness or duration

Question 26

impressionistic transcription

Answer 26

transcription of an unknown sound system, this is a form of narrow transcription

Question 27

international phonetic alphabet (IPA)

Answer 27

represents sounds of words, not spellings permits consistency among professionals in their transcription

Question 28

historical phonetics

Answer 28

study of sound changes in words

Question 29

physiological phonetics

Answer 29

study of the function of speech anatomy during the process of speaking

Question 30

acoustic phonetics

Answer 30

focuses on differences in the frequency, intensity, and duration of various consonants and vowels

Question 31

perceptual phonetics

Answer 31

study of a listener’s psychoacoustic response (perception) of speech sounds in terms of loudness, pitch, perceived length, and quality

Question 32

experimental phonetics

Answer 32

involves the laboratory study of physiological, acoustic, and perceptual phonetics

Question 33

clinical phonetics

Answer 33

study and transcription of aberrant speech behaviors (varying from “normal” speech

Question 34

3 major biological systems in the production of speech

Answer 34

respiratory laryngeal supralaryngeal

Question 35

anatomical structures above the larynx

Answer 35

pharynx oral cavity nasal cavity articulators

Question 36

articulators

Answer 36

lips teeth alveolar ridge palate velum glottis tongue

Question 37

labial sounds

Answer 37

involving the lips

Question 38

bilabials

Answer 38

involves both lips

Question 39

labiodental

Answer 39

involves lower lip and upper incisors

Question 40

dental/interdental

Answer 40

unloved upper and lower central incisors and the tongue

Question 41

minimal pair

Answer 41

words that vary only by one morpheme late/date/mate call/hall/doll