chapter 3

Question 1

process of speech

Answer 1

1. air brought into the lungs
2. diaphragm lowers and thoracic cavity expands
3. air expels through the trachea

Question 2

inspiration

Answer 2

taking in air
ingressive

Question 3

expiration

Answer 3

eggressive
more common to phonate during expiration

Question 4

larynx

Answer 4

voice box

cartilaginous skeleton that houses vocal cords
contains thread, arytenoid and cricoid cartilage

attached inferiorly to the trachea and superiorly to the hyoid

Question 5

hyoid bone

Answer 5

only bone inhuman body that does not attach to another bone, attaches to ligaments and muscle

Question 6

parts of the hyoid bone

Answer 6

body
greater horns
lesser horns

horseshoe shaped

Question 7

vocal folds

Answer 7

elastic folds of tissue primarily composed of muscle

attach anteriorly to the thyroid cartilage and posteriorly to the arytenoid cartilages

Question 8

glottic

Answer 8

space between vocal cords

Question 9

subglottal pressure

Answer 9

pressure from below the glottis

Question 10

vocal tract

Answer 10

structures above the vocal tract

pharynx
oral cavity
nasal cavity
articulators

Question 11

articulators

Answer 11

lips
teeth
alveolar ridge
palate
velum
glottis
tongue

Question 12

labiodental

Answer 12

lower lip and upper incisors

Question 13

dental/interdental

Answer 13

upper and lower central incisors and tongue

Question 14

bilabial

Answer 14

both lips

Question 15

arytenoid cartilages

Answer 15

paired cartilages that attach to the superior portion of the cricoid cartilage; each vocal cord attaches to one arytenoid

Question 16

cricoid cartilage

Answer 16

most inferior cartilage of the larynx

shaped like a class ring

Question 17

phonation

Answer 17

vibration of the vocal cords in creation of a voiced sound

Question 18

fundamental frequency

Answer 18

basic rate of vibration of the vocal folds

responsible for pitch
males - 120-125 per second
females - 220-225 per second

Question 19

epiglottis

Answer 19

cartilage of the larynx that diverts food away from trachea and to esophagus

Question 20

larynx importance during what activities

Answer 20

giving birth, lifting heavy objects, elimination

air is held in the lungs to provide extra strength and vocal cords are held tightly together to stop the escape of air

Question 21

Bernoulli effect

Answer 21

aerodynamic principle

drop in air pressure is created by an increase in airflow through a constriction (vocal folds to he sucked together)

Question 22

thyroid cartilage

Answer 22

most anterior cartilage

notch- Adam’s apple

Question 23

pharynx

Answer 23

muscular tube structure that connects the larynx and oral cavity

(throat)

Question 24

vocal tract

Answer 24

consists of the larynx, pharynx, and oral and nasal cavity

Question 25

nares

Answer 25

nostrils

Question 26

laryngopharynx

Answer 26

pharynx adjoining the larynx

Question 27

oropharynx

Answer 27

adjacent to the posterior portion of oral cavity

Question 28

nasopharynx

Answer 28

adjacent to posterior portion of the nasal cavity

Question 29

articulation

Answer 29

modification of the airstream by speech organs in production of spoken language airstream and accompanying acoustic vibrations are directed to the oral cavity and nasal cavities, vibrations are modified by speech organs to produce the individual phenomes

Question 30

alveolar

Answer 30

bony ridge containing the sockets of the teeth, directly behind the upper incisors

Question 31

palate

Answer 31

bony structure located posterior to the alveolar ridge

Question 32

velum

Answer 32

soft palate behind hard palate

Question 33

uvula

Answer 33

rounded structure located at the posterior

Question 34

velopharyngeal closure

Answer 34

constriction formed by the velum and the rear wall of the pharynx, resulting in a diversion of the airstream into the oral cavity

Question 35

quality

Answer 35

perceptual character of a sound based on its acoustic resonance patterns also called timbre

Question 36

source filter theory of speech production

Answer 36

modification of the sounds source by the resonating cavities of the vocal tract in production of spoken language

Question 37

diaphragm

Answer 37

major muscle separating chest cavity from abdomen

Question 37

resonance

Answer 37

vibratory properties of any sound producing body phoneme's unique sound quality associated with language due to a unique vocal tract shape and accompanying vibratory pattern

Question 38

pulmonic

Answer 38

produced by air pressure from the lungs

Question 39

inhalation verses exhalation during speech production

Answer 39

inhalation : 10 % exhalation : 90%

Question 40

all vowels are

Answer 40

voiced

Question 41

supralaryngeal system

Answer 41

pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, and speech organs

Question 42

parts of the tongue

Answer 42

apex: tip blade: posterior to tip body: posterior to blade root

Question 43

velar sound articulatory structure

Answer 43

soft palate (velum) produced by articulation of the soft palate with the back of the tongue /g/ /k/

Question 44

alveolar sound articulatory structure

Answer 44

alveolar ridge tongue in contact with or in close proximity to the alveolar ridge /t/ /s/ /z/ /l/

Question 45

lingual sound articulatory structure

Answer 45

tongue major structure in production of speech

Question 46

labial sound articulatory structure

Answer 46

lips lips open and close (bilabial/labiodental) /m/ /b/ /p/ /v/ /f/

Question 47

palatal sound articulatory structure

Answer 47

hard palate palate and tongue /y/ in yes

Question 48

glottal sound articulatory structure

Answer 48

glottis produced at vocal cords /g/

Question 49

dental sound articulatory structure

Answer 49

teeth combination with tongue and lip (labiodental)

Question 50

oral phonemes

Answer 50

phonemes produced with a raised/closed velum

Question 51

nasal phonemes

Answer 51

phonemes produced with a lowered velum

Question 52

upper and lower jaw

Answer 52

upper- maxilla lower- mandilla

Question 53

anatomical structures involved in phonation

Answer 53

vocal folds

Question 54

anatomical structures involved in articulation

Answer 54

speech organs glottis, tongue, lip, palate, velum, teeth, alveolar ridge,

Question 55

anatomical structures involved in inhalation

Answer 55

diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

Question 56

anatomical structures involved in exhalation

Answer 56

internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles