Chapter 1, 2, 20

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

anything that has both mass and volume - the “stuff” of the universe: books, planets, trees, students

Question 2

Solid

Answer 2

fixed volume and shape

Question 3

Liquid

Answer 3

fixed volume and takes shape of the container

Question 4

Gas

Answer 4

volume and shape of the container

Question 5

Plasma

Answer 5

gaseous state with many electrically charged particles

Question 6

Law of Conservation of Matter

Answer 6

the total mass of substances present does not change during a chemical reation

Question 7

Pure Substances

Answer 7

have constant composition

Question 8

Element (Pure Substances)

Answer 8

substance composed of only one type of atom

Question 9

Compounds (Pure Substances)

Answer 9

substances made of more than one type of atom, a substance composed of two or more elements which are chemically combined

Question 10

Mixtures

Answer 10

can be separated by physical means, a group of two or more elements and/or compounds that are physically intermingled

Question 11

Homogenous (Mixtures)

Answer 11

uniform composition

Question 12

Heterogeneous (Mixtures)

Answer 12

not of uniform composition

Question 13

Atom

Answer 13

the simplest type of substance with unique physical and chemical properties

Question 14

Molecule

Answer 14

a structure that consists of two or more atoms that are chemically bound together and thus behaves as an independent unit

Question 15

Physical Properties

Answer 15

properties a substance shows by itself without interacting with another substance

Question 16

Chemical Properties

Answer 16

properties a substance shows as it interact with, or transforms into, other substances

Question 17

Extensive Properties

Answer 17

a measured value that depends on how much matter is being considered

Question 18

Intensive Properties

Answer 18

the measured value doesn’t depend on the amount of matter being considered

Question 19

Physical Changes

Answer 19

the particles do not chemically change

Question 20

Chemical Changes

Answer 20

the particles change and new substances are formed

Question 21

All measured quantities consist of…

Answer 21

a number and a unit

Question 22

Mass (SI Base Unit)

Answer 22

kilogram (kg)

Question 23

Length (SI Base Unit)

Answer 23

meter (m)

Question 24

Time (SI Base Unit)

Answer 24

second (s)

Question 25

Temperature (SI Base Unit)

Answer 25

kelvin (K)

Question 26

Electric Current (SI Base Unit)

Answer 26

ampere (A)

Question 27

Amount of Substance (SI Base Unit)

Answer 27

mole (mol)

Question 28

Luminous Intensity (SI Base Unit)

Answer 28

candela (cd)

Question 29

giga-

Answer 29

G, 10^9

Question 30

mega-

Answer 30

M, 10^6

Question 31

kilo-

Answer 31

k, 10^3

Question 32

hecto-

Answer 32

h, 10^2

Question 33

deka-

Answer 33

da, 10

Question 34

deci-

Answer 34

d, 1/10

Question 35

centi-

Answer 35

c, 10^-2

Question 36

milli-

Answer 36

m, 10^-3

Question 37

micro-

Answer 37

µ, 10^-6

Question 38

nano-

Answer 38

n, 10^-9

Question 39

K --> °C

Answer 39

T (in K) = T (in °C) + 273.15

Question 40

Density Equation

Answer 40

Density = mass/volume

Question 41

Law of Definite Proportions

Answer 41

all samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass

Question 42

Law of Multiple Proportions

Answer 42

if elements A and B react to form two compounds, the different masses of B that combine with a fixed mass of A can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers

Question 43

Isotopes

Answer 43

atoms of the same element that differ in mass

Question 44

Ions

Answer 44

when the number of protons and electrons are NOT equal and the atoms becomes electrically charged

Question 45

Anion

Answer 45

an atom that gains one or more electrons will exhibit a negative charge

Question 46

Cation

Answer 46

an atom that loses one or more electrons will exhibit a positive charge

Question 47

Molecular Formula

Answer 47

a representation of a molecule or compound which consists of the chemical symbols to indicate the types of atoms and subscripts after the symbol to indicate the number of each type of atom in the molecule

Question 48

Structural Form

Answer 48

shows the same information as a molecular formula, but also shows how the atoms are connected

Question 49

Empirical Form

Answer 49

indicates the simplest whole-number reation of the number of atoms (or ions) in the compound

Question 50

Molecular Form

Answer 50

indicates the actual numbers of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound

Question 51

Isomers

Answer 51

compounds with the same chemical formula but different molecular structures

Question 52

Spatial Isomers

Answer 52

molecules only differ in the relative orientations of the atoms in space

Question 53

Mole

Answer 53

the amount of a substance containing the same number of discrete entities as the number of atoms in a sample of pure carbon-12 weighing exactly 12g

Question 54

Avogadro's Number

Answer 54

6.022 x 10^23

Question 55

Molar Mass

Answer 55

the mass (g) of one mole of that substance

Question 56

Alpha Particle (α)

Answer 56

(high-energy) helium nuclei consisting of two protons and two neutrons

Question 57

Beta Particle (β)

Answer 57

(high-energy) electrons

Question 58

Gamma Ray (γ)

Answer 58

very high-energy electromagnetic radiation

Question 59

Sub-Critical Mass

Answer 59

the fissile material is too small and allows too many neutrons to escape the material, so a chain reaction doesn't occur

Question 60

Critical Mass

Answer 60

a large enough number of neutrons in the fissile material induces fission to create a chain reaction

Question 61

Nuclear Fusion

Answer 61

two or more nuclei combine to form one or more different nuclei and particles

Question 62

Nuclear Fission

Answer 62

nucleus splits into two or more smaller nuclei