Chapter 1&2 Flashcards
Fredrick A. Douglas
- Born into slavery in Maryland and escaped to New York in 1838
- Joined the abolitionist movement
Sojourner Truth
- Abolitionist, women’s rights activist, and preacher
- Isabella Bumphrey, born up state New York
- Freed July 4, 1827
- She could not read or write, memoirs dictated to Olive Gilbert, “The Narrative of Sojourner Truth: A Northern Slave”
- “Ain’t I a women”, Akron, Ohio, 1851
Booker T. Washington
- Born in Slavery
- Educated at Hampton institute and builder of Tuskegee institute
- Accommodation describes washington’s philosophy of capitulating to white racism, oppression, and segregation
- would accept second-class citizenship and segregation
- Founded the Negro Business League
Anna Julia Cooper:
- Bachelors and Masters degree from Oberlin College
- was principal of M street highschool in Washington, D.C.
- Education emphasized preparing students for college
- Doctorate, University of Paris, 1925
- Helped to form the colored women’s YWCA
Ida B. Well-Barnett
-1889 professional journalist, free speech publisher, headlight newspaper
-In 1892 launched a anti-lynching crusade
-Forced to leave Memphis and move to Chicago
-Working with Jane Addams and fully blocked segregated schools in Chicago
-In 1906 joined the Niagara Movement
-Founding member of the NAACP
opposed B.T. Washington’s strategies
Carter G. Woodson
- The father of black history
- provided the insight and reasoning for black intellectual and educational independence
- Harvard University, Ph. D.
- Founded the association for the study of Negro life and history
- Initiated negro history week, in 1926 later became black history month
Marcus Garvey
- born and raised in Jamaica, West Indies
- Was very ideological and persuasive
- Organized the Universal Negro Improvement Association
- propagated a philosophy and ideology of freedom and psychology of liberation
- promoted the idea that black capitalism can uplift and dignify African people
- The mismanagement of economic ventures and his endorsement of white racist segregation policies led to the decline and demise of Garveyism
Explain Frazier’s influence from Robert E. Park
-University of Chicago, Ph.D. in sociology, influenced by Robert E. Park
-Researched the Black Family, Black intra-class
Structure and Black instituions i.e., Black-owned business and Churches
-Wrote the Negro Family in the U.S: Female headed households, Children born out of wedlock, Divorce, poverty, Crime, Delinquency
When was the establishment of first formal academic program in Black studies.?
1968
What led to Black student rebellion and the formal establishment of African American Studies.?
The struggle for social equality
Explain the Montgomery Bus Boycott:
Rosa parks challenged the segregation policy, which triggered a mass Black boycott of the city’s transit system.
Why is February 1, 1960 a significant day in African American history.?
- 4 college students from the North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College at Greensboro; seated themselves at the segregated lunch counter.
- Triggered many “sit-ins” throughout the south.
Stokely Carmichael and Charles V. Hamilton:
- “Black people must redefine themselves and there is a growing resentment of the word ‘Negro’; because, this term is the invention of our oppressor”.
- Led to black power clichés.
Black Panther Party:
- founded Oakland, California, in 1966
- adopted the name and symbol of the SNCC of the Lowndes County Freedom Organization, In Alabama.
Describe that SFSC strike in 1968:
Nature and intensity of racism began to rise which led to the demand of a Black studies department.
