Chapter 1,2,3 Flashcards
(82 cards)
What is a microbial community
2 or more ppns of cells that coexist and interact in a habitat
What is a culture
collection of microbial cells grown using nutrient medium
What is a medium
(l) or (s) nutrient mixtures used to grow microorganisms
What is a colony
microscopically visible ppn of cells growing on a solid medium ariing from a single cel
Carl Woose
Phylogenic tree based on rRna sequences, divide microbes into 3 domains (RNA World)
Stanly Miller
produce amino acids and biological cmps in lab
Louis Pasteur
Disapproved spontaneous generation theory (1800s)
Robert Koch
established rules for determining which microbes caused which diseases
but in some cases it is difficult to isolate/culture the suspected pathogen
FtsZ
found in plasma membrane for cell division
Does bacteria contain histones?
No
they contain histone-like . Topoisomerases
found in Eukarya and Archaea
Endosymbiotic theory says — was the first microbe on earth . Where is the the proof of this found in?(2)
Prokaryotes
Proof in mitochondria and chloroplast
How do microbes get energy?
Autotroph - produce organic molecules from inorganic materials such as
1. Photoautotroph - light
2. Lithoautotroph - oxidized reduced mineral cmpds
Heterotroph - ingest pre-formed organic molecules
What is a ppn?
grp of org of same species in the same place at the same time
What is a ecosystem
a dynamic complex of org and their physical environment interacting as a functioning unit
MreB
provides structure (rod shape) if not present bacteria is spherical
In plasmids (in Bacteria) what is the purpose of ParM and ParR proteins ?
ParM - directs plasmid mvt in rod shaped bacteria (bind to ATP)
ParR - nucleoprotein tht bind to ParM to prevent disassembly
What are the parts that make up the cell envelope of a bacteria?
capsule
cell wall
cell membrane
what makes up the cell membrane bilayer
phospholipids
What bond is associated with phospholipids in the cell membrane
Ester linkages
What is the use of hopanoids in bilayers of some bacteria?
temperature stability
Roles of plasma membranes
capture E
hold sensory systems
How do items cross the plasma membrane?
O2 and CO2 - diffusion
Water - Aquaporins Protein Channels ( osmosis)
Purpose of the cell wall in bacteria and what does it have?
shape
and has peptidoglycan aka Murein
Cell wall of bacteria can be damaged by— (3+1)
Penicillin - kills cells in a growing state
lysozyme - cleaves backbone of cell wall forming a Protoplast (cell w/out cell wall)
lysostaphin - acts on the cross bridge of some Staphylococcus species only.
b-lactam antibiotics (with beta-lactam ring) - inhibit Ftsl transpeptidation therefore impacting growing org