Chapter 1,2&4

Question 1

conceived as a lifelong process of learning. It is a continuing process of bringing about desirable changes in the behavior of the human beings which involves a variety of methods and resources.

Answer 1

Education

Question 2

Is the life long process by which every person acquires and accumulates knowledge, skills, attitudes and insights from daily experiences and exposure to the environment, at home, from travel, reading newspaper and books or by listening to the radio or viewing films or televisions.

Answer 2

Informal Education

Question 3

-Refers to any organized, systematic education activity, career outside the framework of the formal system to provide the selected types of learning to particular subgroups in the populations, adults as well as children.

Answer 3

Non-formal Education

Question 4

Refers to any organized, systematic education activity, career outside the framework of the formal system to provide the selected types of learning to particular subgroups in the populations, adults as well as children.

Answer 4

Nonformal Education

Question 5

Refers to the highly institutionalized chronologically graded and hierarchically structured “education system” starting from primary school and reaching university education.

Answer 5

Formal Education

Question 6

means to extend, to spread or to disseminate useful information and ideas to rural people aside from the regular organized schools and classroom. It may also be defined as the extending of or a service or system that extends the educational advantage of an educations institution to persons unable to avail of formal education.

Answer 6

Extension

Question 7

Target Clients

Answer 7

➢ Poorest of the poor
➢ Farmers (Men and Women)
➢ Out of School Youth

Question 8

refers to the general process of moving information and skills from information or knowledge generators such as research laboratories and universities to farm family clients.

Answer 8

Transfer of Technology

Question 9

Clients are trained to make decisions that are well informed in things like market outlets, prices, crop processing and storage. In this purpose, extension attempts to teach new values such as efficiency and productivity.

Answer 9

Assistance on Decision-Making

Question 10

use of extension activities to create situation favorable to the acceptance of innovations, especially when these ideas for practice are the initial stage of acceptance.

Answer 10

Social Support System

Question 11

stems from the Latin word communis means common and communicare means to share.

Answer 11

Communication

Question 12

refers to a person or a group of persons with the purpose , a reason in engaging the communication where the information or idea comes from.

Answer 12

Source

Question 13

believability of the source which is based in his competence, trustworthiness and dynamics

Answer 13

Credibility

Question 14

degree to which a receiver perceives the source as similar to him un certain attributes ( regional background, language, age, sex, value, etc)

Answer 14

Homophily

Question 15

is a symbol used in communication in other words, how can the message be put into words, pictures or symbols that the receivers will understand and take notice of

Answer 15

Code

Question 16

is the idea or substance selected to express the purpose of source

Answer 16

Content

Question 17

is the manner of material that are arrange in order to be meaningful to the receiver.

Answer 17

Treatment

Question 18

is the person or group of persons at the other end of the communication.

Answer 18

Receiver

Question 19

the medium utilized to convey a message. Classified as visual, spoken or written.

Answer 19

Channel

Question 20

the expertness and trustworthiness of a channel as perceived by the receiver. Often this has the same bearing on the characteristics of the source and the receiver

Answer 20

Channel Credibility

Question 21

the opportunity a channel provides for the receiver to respond immediately and, maximally to affect the source of the message

Answer 21

Channel Feedback

Question 22

the perception effort by all the senses in order to comprehend information from a communication channel

Answer 22

Channel Involvement / Participation

Question 23

the frequency and extent to which a channel may be used to reach as given audience

Answer 23

Channel Availability

Question 24

the ability of a communication channel to carry the message over time

Answer 24

Channel Permanency

Question 25

the channels relative potential for covering an extensive geographical area with speed and timeliness.

Answer 25

Channel Multiplicative Power

Question 26

the channels potential for supplementing the communication to work of another channel

Answer 26

Channel Complimentary

Question 27

happens through verbally, vocally or through written words which express or convey the message.

Answer 27

Verbal Communication

Question 28

happens through word of mouth, spoken words, conversations and also any messages or information are shared between one another.

Answer 28

Oral Communication

Question 29

happens through any word written or often written sign which refers the languages uses in any medium.

Answer 29

Written Communication

Question 30

when communication is used by field workers in bringing new ideas to the farmers.

Answer 30

Agricultural Extension

Question 31

when message is channeled thru a public a public medium.

Answer 31

Mass Communication

Question 32

when it operates within an organizational structure or bureaucracy.

Answer 32

Organizational or Administrative Communication

Question 33

when it is a system for selecting information specially for management purposes.

Answer 33

Management Information System

Question 34

is the sender of the message, from where the message originates

Answer 34

Encoder

Question 35

the person who receives the message.

Answer 35

Decoder

Question 36

Refers to the specific cultural techniques in the management / production of crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry

Answer 36

Component Technology

Question 37

Refers to the combination of all necessary component technologies for production or post production activities.

Answer 37

Package of Technology

Question 38

some technologies take the form of physical goods

Answer 38

Product

Question 39

Process

Answer 39

technologies of this nature are not tangible and may refer to a “system” for doing things or system, or schemes for improved production, postproduction, or processing.

Question 40

these types of technologies generally provide the complimentary activities/ services to enhance existing programs/ policies of the government.

Answer 40

Services

Question 41

other technologies are simply information or significant findings that may indicate valuable socio-economic and technical databases for policy formulation and follow-up Research and Development activities.

Answer 41

Information

Question 42

This is the scientific and experimental stage wherein a Research and Development center utilizes all its human, technical, financial, material, physical and other resources to generate component technology or a package of technology.

Answer 42

Technology Generation

Question 43

A technology is classified for verification if it can be incorporated in a package of technology that has potential for improving existing farmers practice.

Answer 43

Technology Verification

Question 44

✓ It is conducted in station or farmers field and only a component technology ✓ It has been tested for technology generation (TG) research for at least one season ✓ It has shown good potential for economic feasibility based on TG research ✓ It has good potential for acceptance by farmers and commercial producers

Answer 44

Technology Adaptation

Question 45

✓ It is integrated technology conducted in the farmer’s field ✓ It has been tested for two seasons in technology generation (TG) trials ✓ It has shown economic and technical feasibility in TG trials. Its computed return base on TG trial better than that of the farmer’s practices as shown by Marginal Rate of Return(MRR) ✓ It is perceived to be socially acceptable and environmentally safe.

Answer 45

Technology Verification

Question 46

This is the stage when promoters of technology can use varied approaches and methods in bringing technologies to end users.

Answer 46

Technology Dissemination

Question 47

R and D centers also generate information not technologies, but they are very useful in out word at work. a. Possess significant social and economic implications associated with technology adoption b. Contribute to the better understanding of research problems c. Offers in information gaps in basic knowledge of agriculture, forestry, and natural resources d. Helps policy makers formulate policies in food, agriculture and natural resources

Answer 47

Information for Dissemination

Question 48

Technology that have successfully passed the piloting stage, or have passed the criteria for piloting, or not piloted yet, but have high potential for commercialization are considered priority technologies for commercialization.

Answer 48

Technology Commercialization

Question 49

Confirm and demonstrate the feasibility of using improved technologies over relatively large areas involving many small farmers or clientele groups ➢ Gauge end-user’s reaction to the introduction of improved technologies ➢ Identify potential problems related to wider dissemination, utilization, and adoption so that these can be fed back to researchers, planners and implementor

Answer 49

Technologies for Piloting

Question 50

the degree to which an innovation is perceived as better that the idea it supersedes.

Answer 50

Relative Advantage

Question 51

the degree to which an innovation is perceived as being consistent with existing values, past experience and needs

Answer 51

Compatibility

Question 52

the degree to which an innovation is perceived as difficult to understand and use.

Answer 52

Complexity

Question 53

the degree to which an innovation is perceived may be experimented with in a limited scale

Answer 53

Trialability

Question 54

the degree to which the result of an innovation are visible to others.

Answer 54

Observability

Question 55

it is a description of farmers or clientele behavior related to the acceptance of new innovation or technology.

Answer 55

Adoption Process

Question 56

knowing a new idea, practice or technology is the first stage before one learns to try and use it. The person merely knows that the technology exists but lacks adequate information. Basically, the first stage of technology promotion is to inform people, make them aware, and notice the information and technology

Answer 56

Awareness Stage

Question 57

the person is attracted to the technology. He seeks more factual information about the technology

Answer 57

Interest Stage

Question 58

an individual show marked interests in the technology as it applies to him, his family, or his work. He will obtain / ask information regarding the technology by: a) obtaining a brochure / leaflet from dealers/ retailers b) asks detail information from technician/ researchers/ extension workers c) get data from the internet d) buy the product and asses its merits physically e) asks others who have tried he technology

Answer 58

Evaluation Stage

Question 59

the person tries and experiments in small scale the new technology after weighting the advantages and risks involved.

Answer 59

Trial Stage

Question 60

adoption or continuous use of the technology will take place if the person is convinced of its relative advantage over the existing technology. The final stage of the diffusion process is characterized by large scale and continuous use of the technology. In this stage, there is satisfaction on the part of the users.

Answer 60

Adoption Stage

Question 61

- the process of spreading technology/ information from one agency to another, from one person to another person, from one group to another group; from generation to another generation. The ultimate objective of diffusion process is user’s adoption of the technology.

Answer 61

Diffusion process

Question 62

is the mental process through which an individual pass from first knowledge of an innovation to a decision to adopt or reject and to confirm this decision

Answer 62

Innovation - Decision Process

Question 63

the individual is exposed to the innovation’s existence and gains some understanding of how it functions.

Answer 63

Knowledge

Question 64

the individual forms a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward the innovation

Answer 64

Persuasion

Question 65

the individual engages in activities which lead to a choice to adopt or reject the innovation

Answer 65

Decision

Question 66

the individual seeks reinforcement for the innovative decisions he has made, but he may reverse his previous decisions if exposed to conflicting message about the innovation.

Answer 66

Confirmation

Question 67

The objective of the process is adoption, however, if the person did not find satisfaction in the trial stage this may result to rejection.

Answer 67

Diffusion - Adoption

Question 68

the process of making full use of a new idea or practice (Rogers, 1995).

Answer 68

Adoption

Question 69

the adoption of an innovation by an individual when experts feel he /she should reject

Answer 69

Over adoption

Question 70

a mental acceptance of an innovation without necessarily “putting it into practice”.

Answer 70

Symbolic Adoption

Question 71

adoption of a part of a package of technology initially and subsequently add components over time.

Answer 71

Sequential Adoption

Question 72

the acceptance over time of some specific item: an idea or practice, by an individual or group, linked to a specific channel of communication to a social structure and to a given system of values or culture.

Answer 72

Diffusion

Question 73

the first in his group or community to bring in or adopt a new idea or practice. Innovators are few, especially in societies bound by tradition.

Answer 73

Innovator

Question 74

Venturesome

Answer 74

Innovator

Question 75

is quick to see the value of a new practice of a new practice in his community and will try if he feels it has a fair chance of success.

Answer 75

Early Adoptor

Question 76

Respectable

Answer 76

Early Adoptor

Question 77

are of average age, experience, and average education, highly respected in their communities and adopt a practice only after they are convinced of its value

Answer 77

Early Majority

Question 78

Deliberate

Answer 78

Early Majority

Question 79

makes up a large block of less wealthy, and adopt a practice only when it generally accepted by the community

Answer 79

Late Majority

Question 80

Skiptical

Answer 80

Late Adoptor

Question 81

are characterized by their conservatisms, are older than average and seldom take any risks

Answer 81

Late Adoptor