Chapter 1-2 Flashcards
(63 cards)
Mind that interprets, transforms, assumed by rationalists
Active Mind
Persistent observation unexplained by current pardigm
Anomoly
Determinism stressing biochemical, genetic, physiological causes of behaviour
Biological determinism
Belief that laws/theories can accurately mirror physical events
Correspondence theory of truth
Explaining phenomena after they have already occurred is called
postdiction
According to the author of your text, contemporary psychology is
multiparadigmatic science
The prediction and control of events can best be accomplished using
causal laws
Presentism assumes that
the present state of a discipline is its best, most fully developed state
A scientific theory has several functions. Which of the following is not a function of scientific theory?
a. organize empirical observations
b. generate confirmable propositions
c. act as a guide for future observations
d. guide the scientist in rational descriptions
d. guide the scientist in rational descriptions
A psychologist who believes that human behavior is indeed determined but the causes can never be accurately known would be a
indeterminist
As discussed in the book, there are several reasons to study the history of psychology. Which of the following is not one of those discussed in the book?
a. to provide new perspectives and deeper understanding of concepts and ideas
b. recognition of fads and fashions in psychology
c. to see how psychology fits into social/cultural history
d. to avoid repetition of mistakes
c. to see how psychology fits into social/cultural history
What important epistemological question was raised by Heraclitus’ philosophy?
How can something be known if it is constantly changing
According to Aristotle, ____ was explained as the lingering effects of sensory experience
imagination
Empedocles assumed that perception resulted when
eidola entered the pores of the body and mixed with elements found in the blood
According to Plato, direct examination of the empirical world via sensory experience resulted in
ignorance or, at best, opinion
Plato’s philosophy ____ the development of science
a. enhanced
b. inhibited
c. caused
d. prevented
b. inhibited
According to the Sophists, what is it that determines whether an idea is accepted?
how effectively the idea is communicated
Which of the following was not believed by the Pythagoreans?
a. illness resulted from a disruption of the harmonious blending of bodily elements
b. numbers and numerical relationships were real and exerted an influence on the empirical world
c. nothing in the empirical world is perfect
d. when the body dies so does the soul
d. when the body dies so does the soul
The early Greeks referred to a substance from which everything else is derived as a
physis
For Democritus, perception occurred when atoms emanating from the surface of objects entered the ____ and were transmitted to the ____.
sensory systems of the body; brain
Because Gorgias believed that there is no objective way of establishing truth, he was a:
nihilist
Contention that mind processes emerge from brain processes, and can then influence brain activity
Emergentism
Form of emergentism claiming mental processes are behaviourally irrelevant
Epiphenomenalism
Who argues science cannot be described by set of rules/standards? What is required for scientific progress?
Feyerbend Paul
Violation
