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Environmental Science > Chapter 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Science

A

Knowledge, through scientific method. The study of nature and behavior of natural things.

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2
Q

Environmental Science

A

The study of interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of nature.

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3
Q

What is the importance of natural resources and ecosystem services?

A

Natural resources are substances and energy sources we take from the environment and need to survive. Ecosystem services are processes that occur naturally, that we cannot live without.

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4
Q

Population growth, resource consumption, and their consequences.

A

Our numbers are putting unprecedented stress on the availability of resources. We are consuming more resources than are being replenished by 68%. If we cannot forge sustainable solutions, society could collapse, globally.

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5
Q

Compare and contrast ecocentrism, biocentrism, and anthropocentrism.

A

Anthropocentrism - Anything that benefits human society.
Biocentrism - Human life, and nonhuman life both have ethical standing.
Ecocentrism - Values the well-being of entire species, communities, or ecosystems over the welfare of an individual.

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6
Q

Scientific Method

A

Is a technique for testing ideas with observations, a.k.a. hypothesis-driven science.

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7
Q

Discuss sustainable solutions being pursued on campuses.

A

Discouraging the use of fossil fuels, recycling, and collecting electronic waste.

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8
Q

Independent Variable

A

A variable that is manipulated

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9
Q

Dependent Variable

A

A variable that a scientist does not manipulate.

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10
Q

Controlled Experiment

A

Is a test that is manipulated, in order to test a single variable.

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11
Q

Hypothesis

A

A statement that explains a phenomenon or answers a scientific question.

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12
Q

Qualitative Data

A

Is data that can be observed and recorded.

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13
Q

Quantitative Data

A

Is data in the form of numbers.

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14
Q

Matter

A

Is anything that takes up space and has mass.

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15
Q

What makes up matter?

A

Atoms, protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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16
Q

Element

A

Substances that cannot be broken down.

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17
Q

Top 4 Elements in the Human Body

A

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen.

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18
Q

What are the basic molecules of living systems?

A

Proteins, carbs, lipids, and nucleic acids.

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19
Q

How do atoms and molecules interact?

A

Atoms can bond together to form molecules.

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20
Q

Theory

A

A generalization based on observations and experiments.

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21
Q

Fact

A

A particular truth of the world.

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22
Q

Principal

A

Is a universal statement that we accept.

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23
Q

Atom

A

Basic unit of matter.

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24
Q

Isotope

A

Two or more forms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons.

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25
Q

Nucleus of the atom

A

Contains protons and neutrons.

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26
Q

Subatomic particles

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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27
Q

Electron shells

A

Is the outside part of the atomic nucleus.

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28
Q

How many electrons are in each energy level?

A

The first level can contain up to 2 electrons, 2(1x1) = 2, the second up to 8 electrons, 2(2x2) = 8, the third up to 18, 2(3x3) = 18; and so on.

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29
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons and the number of the element.

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30
Q

Atomic mass

A

Total number of protons and neutrons.

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31
Q

Valence electrons

A

Located in the outermost shell of the atom and are used to form bonds with other atoms.

32
Q

Covalent bond

A

A bond that involves sharing of electron pairs.

33
Q

Ionic bond

A

The transfer between valence electrons. It creates two oppositely charged ions.

34
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

A hydrogen atom attracted to an electromagnetic atom.

35
Q

Molecule

A

A group of atoms bonded together.

36
Q

Diatomic molecule

A

Molecules composed of only two atoms, of the same or different elements.

37
Q

Water properties and states

A

Liquid, solid, gas, and steam.

38
Q

How do compound water properties and states relate to energy?

A

It takes energy for water to change properties.

39
Q

Special characteristics of water

A

Polarity, solvent, high heat capacity, vapor, cohesive, adhesive, less dense as solid.

40
Q

PH

A

The measure of how acidic/basic water is.

41
Q

What does the PH scale measure?

A

The amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions.

42
Q

What is an acid?

A

A hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton.

43
Q

What is an ecological footprint?

A

It shows the total area of productive land and water used by a person or population.

44
Q

Sustainable development

A

Meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future.

45
Q

3 important things that play a part in reaching sustainable solutions

A

Ecologically viable, economically feasible, and socially desirable.

46
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to change the position, physical composition, or temperature of matter.

47
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

48
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics

A

Processes that involve the transfer or conversion of heat energy are irreversible.

49
Q

kinetic energy

A

The energy of motion.

50
Q

potential energy

A

The energy of position.

51
Q

The basic molecules that go into photosynthesis

A

ATP, NADPH, Carbon dioxide, oxygen, sugar, phosphate, & glucose.

52
Q

What comes out of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose, and oxygen.

53
Q

What is the energy source for photosynthesis reactions?

A

Light energy.

54
Q

Secondary succession

A

Plants and animals reclaim an area after a major disturbance.

55
Q

Primary succession

A

Is an ecological succession in which plants and animals first colonize a barren, lifeless habitat

56
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP

57
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

Is basically photosynthesis that uses energy from reactions of inorganic chemicals in the absence of light.

58
Q

Landscape ecology

A

The study of patterns and interactions between ecosystems

59
Q

Ecological modeling

A

An abstract, mathematical representation of an ecological system which is studied to better understand the real system.

60
Q

How do carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycle through the environment?

A

They are conserved and recycled in the atmosphere, on land, in water or beneath the earth’s surface.

61
Q

Subatomic particles with a negative charge

A

Electrons

62
Q

Polar molecule

A

A molecule where one side is slightly negative and one side is slightly positive

63
Q

PH scale

A

1 is acidic, 14 is basic.

64
Q

True or false, When one atom accepts additional electrons it then has an overall negative charge.

A

True

65
Q

One of the most important aspects of the scientific method is

A

Statistics

66
Q

What is the correct sequence of activities when applying the scientific method?

A

Observations, questions, hypothesis, predictions, test, results.

67
Q

True or false, published scientific information and conclusions is based upon the subjective opinions of scientists

A

False

68
Q

The case study of Easter Island demonstrates that

A

All of these are true

69
Q

True or false, if everyone had an ecological footprint of 2 planets, resources would be sustainably used

A

True

70
Q

True or false, sustainable solutions need to be ecologically viable as well as economically sound and socially acceptable to last long term

A

True

71
Q

True or false, in a molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a oxygen atom by hydrogen bonds

A

False. The bonds between atoms in a water molecule are covalent bonds.

72
Q

True or false, a molecule with an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms can be referred to as a polar molecule

A

True

73
Q

True or false, carbon 14 has 7 protons

A

False

74
Q

True or false, a crystal of table salt (NaCl) is held together by ionic bonds between the positively charged sodium ions

A

True

75
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Hydrogen and carbon atoms bonded together.

Environmental Science (11 decks)

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