Chapter 1

Question 0

vertebrate

Answer 0

animal w/ backbone

Question 1

zoology

Answer 1

study of animal life

Question 2

5 groups we study

Answer 2

fish
amphibians
reptiles
birds
mammals

Question 3

what phylum do vertebrates belong to?

Answer 3

cordates

Question 4

what was the the notochord replaced by in vertebrates?

Answer 4

endoskeleton

Question 5

what was the dorsal nerve cord replaced by in vertebrates?

Answer 5

spinal cord w/ a brain

Question 6

vertebrae

Answer 6

bones/cartilage that surround spinal cord

Question 7

axial skeleton

Answer 7

skeletal system made up of backbone and skull

Question 8

appendicular skeleton

Answer 8

skeletal system made up of limbs

Question 9

what would a person use in phylogeny to show possible pathways of evolution?

Answer 9

fossils/ comparative anatomy

Question 10

why do we classify organisms?

Answer 10

to organize them into similar groups and make them easier to identify

Question 11

how are animals classified?

Answer 11

into related groups by their genetic and structural similarities to other animals

Question 12

taxonomy

Answer 12

field of science that classifies organisms and defines their relationships with one another

Question 13

how many levels of classification exist?

Answer 13

7

Question 14

what are the levels of classification?

Answer 14

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus

Question 15

which two levels are the most important?

Answer 15

genus and species

Question 16

common names? example

Answer 16

everyday names for organisms we use. ex: skunk

Question 17

binomial nomenclature

Answer 17

scientific name of an organism

Question 18

what two levels of classification give organism its binomial name?

Answer 18

genus and species

Question 19

how do you identify which animals would be most closely related based on their binomial names?

Answer 19

if their binomial names are similar then so are they

Question 20

dichotomous key

Answer 20

used to identify organisms based of physical characteristics

Question 21

how do dichotomous keys work?

Answer 21

series of paired opposite statements that describe physical characteristics of different organisms

Question 22

cladistics

Answer 22

method of classifying species of organisms into groups called clades

Question 23

what is a cladogram?

Answer 23

diagram that shows how organisms are related based on evolution

Question 24

when do you use a dichotomous key? when do you use a cladogram? how are they diff

Answer 24

dicho: for species identification clado: to understand ancestor derived characteristics of relationships

Question 25

morphology

Answer 25

study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific features.

Question 26

how have vertebrates evolved in embryo development?

Answer 26

increase in adaptations to the terrestrial environment

Question 27

what is an animals anatomy related to?

Answer 27

its method to obtaining food and enviornment

Question 28

difference between homo and hetero dont teeth?

Answer 28

homo: similar in shape and size hetero: different in shape and size

Question 29

how have bones and muscles evolved in vertebrates?

Answer 29

limbs and muscles adapted to give them better support and mobility

Question 30

how is a way an animal moves controlled?

Answer 30

its size and structure

Question 31

what is homeostasis?

Answer 31

stable internal enviornment

Question 32

endothermic

Answer 32

stable internal temperature independent of environmental fluctuations

Question 33

ectothermic

Answer 33

rely on environments to regulate their internal temperatures

Question 34

how has the circulatory system evolved in vertebrates?

Answer 34

greater number of chambers in heart

Question 35

of heart chambers of a fish

Answer 35

2

Question 36

of heart chambers of a reptile

Answer 36

3

Question 37

of heart chambers of birds and mammals

Answer 37

4

Question 38

how had the respiratory system evolved in vertebrates?

Answer 38

gills to lungs

Question 39

simple stomach

Answer 39

omniovores/ carnivores. eat meat and plants

Question 40

ruminant stomach

Answer 40

eat plants only

Question 41

aviab stomach

Answer 41

diff compartments meant to grind down food since birds have no teeth

Question 42

how has nervous system evolved in vertebrates?

Answer 42

became more complex, allow for more varied responses to environment

Question 43

how had reproduction evolved in vertebrates?

Answer 43

towards internal fertilization and internal development

Question 44

oviparous

Answer 44

vertebrates that lay eggs

Question 45

ovoviviparous

Answer 45

vertebrates with eggs that remain inside mother

Question 46

viviparous

Answer 46

embryos that are nourished inside the mother by a placenta until they give birth to live young

Question 47

ethology

Answer 47

study of social animal behaviors

Question 48

ethogram

Answer 48

quantitive description of an animals normal behavior

Question 49

instinctive behavior

Answer 49

evident at birth

Question 50

learned behavior

Answer 50

behaviors learned by animals through life experiences

Question 51

diff between learned and instinctive behaviors. provide examples of both

Answer 51

instinctive: behavior evident at birth. learned: behavior learned through life experiences ex: bears- instinct to hibernate in winter and leave den in spring. cubs learn about dens from their mothers and return to dens they have been to before

Question 52

what have evolutionary trends among vertebrates shown us?

Answer 52

increase in complexity of body structures and behaviors

Question 53

phylogeny

Answer 53

study of the connections between all groups of organisms as understood by ancestor relationships