Chapter 2

Question 0

most important evolution adaptations for fish?

Answer 0

jaws and paired fins

Question 1

3 classes of fish

Answer 1

agnatha, chondrichyte, osteichthyes

Question 2

swim bladder

Answer 2

thin walled sac filled with gas that allows fish to float w/o effort

Question 3

what type of digestive system do fish have?

Answer 3

simple stomach

Question 4

what 3 functions do gills serve?

Answer 4

• exchange of gases
• removal of nitrogen waste
• osmoregulation of water/ion concentration remain balanced

Question 5

describe respiratory system

Answer 5

Gills are used for breathing in fish. These are external organs that exchange gases in the water.

Question 6

operculum

Answer 6

hard plate on both sides of head, protects and allows water to flow through the mouth to the gills

Question 7

how do freshwater fish stay balanced?

Answer 7

constantly urinate

Question 8

how do saltwater fish keep balanced?

Answer 8

urinate less, drink sea water to replace lost water.

Question 9

lateral line

Answer 9

sensory structure detects changes in temp, pressure, current, and vibrations

Question 10

describe their circulatory system

Answer 10

2 chambered heart, very simple.

Question 11

chromataphores

Answer 11

structures containing pigments that provide color patterns, found in the skin layer.

Question 12

fish are cold blooded. what does this mean?

Answer 12

ectothermic, really on external environment to adjust body temp

Question 13

describe cycloid scales

Answer 13

smooth

Question 14

describe ganoid scales

Answer 14

thick bony, don’t form rings

Question 15

describe ctenoid scales

Answer 15

toothed edge

Question 16

oviparous

Answer 16

lay eggs

Question 17

ovoviviparous

Answer 17

eggs stay inside mouth until they hatch

Question 18

viviparous

Answer 18

give birth to live young

Question 19

spawning

Answer 19

external fertilization of eggs

Question 20

fry

Answer 20

fish hatchlings

Question 21

agnatha characteristics

Answer 21

breathe thru gills
no paired fins
cartilage
no backbone
eel-like body
no lateral line

Question 22

Chondrichthyes characteristics

Answer 22

cartilage
paired fins
placoid scales
no swim bladder
7 gill slits
rows of teeth

Question 23

what 3 types of fish belong to chondrichthyes? what type of scales would you find on them

Answer 23

sharks rayes and skates.

placoid scales- tooth like dermal spines on scales

Question 24

ray finned fish characteristics

Answer 24

``` bony skeleton swim bladder 4 gills covered by operculum paired fins scales later line ```

Question 25

where would you find the dorsal fin? what is its job?

Answer 25

top of fish, keeps fish upright.

Question 26

where would you find the caudal fin? what is its job?

Answer 26

posterior end of fish, allows fish to move forward

Question 27

where would you find the pectoral fins and pelvic fins? what do they do?

Answer 27

pectoral- sides of fish most anterior pelvic- sides of fish most posterior help steer, brake, move up and down, and orient body at rest.

Question 28

diadromous

Answer 28

fish that migrate between freshwater and saltwater habitats

Question 29

aggregation

Answer 29

collection of fish that have gathered togethor

Question 30

shoaling

Answer 30

group of fish that stay togethor for social reasons, independent, fish of diff species and sizes

Question 31

schooling

Answer 31

group swimming in same direction in a coordinated manner. same color and size

Question 32

what are the differences between schooling and schoaling?

Answer 32

schooling- all the same size and color going in the same coordinated direction schoaling- different sizes and colors, swimming independently in same gen area

Question 33

ichthyology

Answer 33

branch of zoology that studies fish

Question 34

aqua culturist

Answer 34

someone that raises domesticated fish for human consumption/use

Question 35

describe freshwater habitats

Answer 35

40% of all fish are found in freshwater. springs, pounds, rivers, lakes, etc.

Question 36

describe saltwater habitats

Answer 36

covers 71% of earth surface, includes oceans and estuaries

Question 37

what is a dog shark's scientific name?

Answer 37

squalus acanthlas

Question 38

why are dog sharks also known as spiny dogfish?

Answer 38

they have 2 spines

Question 39

how do dog sharks reproduce?

Answer 39

ovoviviparous

Question 40

how long do dog shark females stay pregnant?

Answer 40

22-24 months

Question 41

why are dogfish called dogfish?

Answer 41

they travel and hunt in packs like doga

Question 42

how do dogfish defend themselves?

Answer 42

they use their back spines. curling around in a bow and striking

Question 43

what would happen if freshwater fish didnt keep balanced in water?

Answer 43

their cells would pop and they'd die.

Question 44

what would happen if saltwater fish didn't keep balanced in water?

Answer 44

they'd dehydrate and die.

Question 45

what is an example of why lacking a swim bladder would be an advantage?

Answer 45

for example, in sharks not having a swim bladder is an advantage because it allows them to move between different depths without the risk of exploding or imploding.

Question 46

what body adaptations are different in sharks due to not having a swim bladder?

Answer 46

they have huge livers filled with oil, because oil is lighter then water it provides the shark with additional buoyancy