Chapter 1

Question 1

Enomes are

Answer 1

the sum of genetic information in a cell.

Question 2

Which is not founded on modern-day medical practices combined with knowledge of biology?

Answer 2

Knowing that infections can be passed from one person to another

Question 3

What has not been improved by genetic recombination?

Answer 3

Evolution of pest resistance

Question 4

What about mutations is incorrect?

Answer 4

All mutations are harmful.

Question 5

Which is not a major step in the hypothesis-prediction approach?

Answer 5

Controlling an environment

Question 6

Homeostasis involves the regulation of a

Answer 6

constant internal environment.

Question 7

When studying the natural history of a group of organisms, scientists look at all of the following except

Answer 7

what cash value the organisms have to entrepreneurs.

Question 8

All living organisms acquire _______ from their environment.

Answer 8

nutrients

Question 9

When applying biology to public policy,

Answer 9

several countries may be involved.

Question 10

The initial accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere was the result of photosynthesis from an organism most like modern

Answer 10

cyanobacteria.

Question 11

In a model experiment, researchers subjected frogs to various levels of atrazine while keeping all other variables constant. This is an example of a _______ experiment.

Answer 11

controlled

Question 12

The information needed to produce proteins is contained in

Answer 12

genes

Question 13

Scientists estimate that for more than _______ years after cells originated, all organisms consisted of one cell.

Answer 13

2 Billion

Question 14

After observing that frogs live in clean water but not in polluted water, researchers state that “polluted water kills frogs.” This simple statement is an example of

Answer 14

hypothesis

Question 15

Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that eukaryotic cells have

Answer 15

a membrane-bound nucleus.

Question 16

The concern over how human activities affect the world’s ecosystems is due to the?

Answer 16

rate of change in ecosystems.

Question 17

Darwin referred to the differential reproductive success of individuals with particular variations as?

Answer 17

natural selection.

Question 18

The organisms that produced oxygen gas in Earth’s atmosphere paved the way for the type of metabolism used by larger organisms, called _______ metabolism.

Answer 18

aerobic

Question 19

Ozone is important to life on Earth because it

Answer 19

blocks much ultraviolet radiation.blocks much ultraviolet radiation.

Question 20

Populations of organisms have been able to inhabit a wide variety of environments on Earth because they

Answer 20

adapt through evolution.

Question 21

Evolution is..

Answer 21

the change in the genetic makeup of a population through time.

Question 22

Life arose on Earth approximately _______ years ago.

Answer 22

4 billion

Question 23

Genomes are

Answer 23

the sum of genetic information in a cell.

Question 24

A cell

Answer 24

is the fundamental unit of life

Question 25

All chemical transformations and other work done in an organism contribute to its

Answer 25

metabolism

Question 26

What are concerns for biologists?

Answer 26

Modern agriculture, Public policy, Understanding ecosystems, and Medical practice

Question 27

Comparative experiments are designed to answer questions that require

Answer 27

observation and comparison rather than controlled variables.

Question 28

A group of differentiated cells that work together to carry out a similar function is known as a(n)

Answer 28

tissue

Question 29

Homeostasis involves the regulation of a

Answer 29

constant internal environment.

Question 30

Populations of organisms have been able to inhabit a wide variety of environments on Earth because they what?

Answer 30

adapt through evolution.

Question 31

Metabolism is

Answer 31

all chemical transformations in a cell or organism.

Question 32

Plants are _______ organisms that are _______ of oxygen production.

Answer 32

eukaryotic multicellular; capable

Question 33

Many of the microbial organisms that are periodically epidemic in human populations have

Answer 33

short generation times and high mutation rates

Question 34

Nutrients acquired by animals

Answer 34

are broken down inside cells

Question 35

All cells in a complicated multicellular organism

Answer 35

control the expression of the genome.

Question 36

A final prerequisite for the survival of life on land was the accumulation of a protective layer of

Answer 36

O3 in the atmosphere

Question 37

Relationships between living organisms can best be gleaned by comparing

Answer 37

the genomes of both extinct and living organisms

Question 38

For a hypothesis to be scientifically valid, it must be _______, and it must be possible to _______ it.

Answer 38

testable; reject

Question 39

When applying scientific studies to political policy,

Answer 39

scientific conclusions do not always prevail.

Question 40

Viruses

Answer 40

can mutate

Question 41

Much of what we know about the genes that control plant development was discovered in experiments with

Answer 41

Arabidopsis

Question 42

In the scientific method, a hypothesis

Answer 42

is the basis for making predictions

Question 43

Biologists have organized the diversity of life into three domains based largely on

Answer 43

molecular data

Question 44

The domain Eukarya includes all of the following except

Answer 44

archaea.

Question 45

Which of the following human activities does not rely on biodiversity?

Answer 45

farming

Question 46

Which of the following represents a correct ordering of the levels of complexity at which life is studied, from most simple to most complex?

Answer 46

Cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, community

Question 47

The early organisms that produced the first oxygen gas in Earth's atmosphere were

Answer 47

photosynthetic prokaryotes

Question 48

If samples were brought back from a distant planet, what would be the first evidence of life, assuming its evolution followed the same path as Earth's?

Answer 48

Presence of nucleic acids

Question 49

In terms of increasing complexity, the order of parts of a multicellular animal is

Answer 49

molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Question 50

Which of the following correctly lists the order of important first events in the history of life?

Answer 50

Chemical evolution, first archaea, first cyanobacteria, first nucleus, first chloroplasts