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Biology 101 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Variable

A

In an experiement, a characteristic or event that differs among individuals over time.

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1
Q

Model

A

Analogous system used for testing hypothesis.

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2
Q

Molecule

A

Atoms joined in chemical bonds.

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3
Q

Growth

A

In multi celled species, an increase in the number, size, and volume of cells.

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4
Q

Law of Nature

A

Generalization that describes a consistent natural phenomenon for which there is incomplete scientific explanation.

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5
Q

Cell

A

Smallest unit of life.

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6
Q

Tissue

A

Organized array of cells and substances that interact in a collective task; made up of typically specialized cells.

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7
Q

Emergent Properties

A

Characteristics of a system that do not appear in any of the system’s components.

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8
Q

Organ System

A

A set of organs and tissues that interact to keep the individual’s body working properly.

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9
Q

Plants

A

A multicelled, typically photosynthetic producer.

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10
Q

Atoms

A

Fundamental units of matter, building blocks of all substances.

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11
Q

Community

A

All populations of all species in a given area.

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12
Q

Biosphere

A

Encompasses all regions of Earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere in which organisms live.

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13
Q

Data

A

Experimental results

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14
Q

Control Group

A

In an experiment, a group of individuals who are not exposed to the independent variable being tested.

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15
Q

Statistically Significant

A

Refers to a result that is statistically unlikely to have occurred by chance.

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16
Q

Consumers

A

Organisms that can’t make their own food; get energy/nutrition from feeing on other organisms.

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17
Q

Taxonomy

A

The science of naming and classifying species.

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18
Q

Periodic Table

A

Tabular arrangement of the elements by atomic number.

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19
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process plants use to create food; use energy of sunlight to make sugars from water and carbon dioxide.

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20
Q

Archaeon

A

Member of a group of single celled organisms that lack a nucleus, but are more closely related to eukaryotes than to bateria.

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21
Q

Nutrient

A

A substance that an organism needs for growth and survival but cannot make itself.

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22
Q

Nucleus (cell)

A

A sac with two membranes that encloses and protects a cell’s DNA.

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23
Q

Hypothesis

A

Testable explanation of natural phenomenon.

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24
Experiment
A test designed to support or falsify a prediction.
25
Deductive Reasoning
Using a general idea to make a conclusion about a specific case.
26
Inductive Reasoning
Drawing a conclusion based on observation.
27
Experimental Group
In an experiment, a group of individuals who are exposed to an independent variable.
28
Independent Variable
Variable that is controlled by an experimenter in order to explore its relationship to a dependent variable.
29
Development
Multistep process by which the first cell of a new individual becomes a multicelled adult.
30
Sampling Error
Difference between results derived from testing an entire group of events or individuals, and results derived from testing a subset of the group.
31
Energy
The capacity to do work.
32
Inheritance
The transmission of DNA to offsrping.
33
Molecule
Group of two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds.
34
Producers
Organisms that make their own food using energy and simple raw materials they get directly from their environment.
35
Scientific Method
Making, testing, and evaluating hypothesis.
36
Animals
Multicelled consumer that develops through a series of stages and moves about during part or all of its life cycle.
37
Organ
An organized array of tissues that collectively carry out a particular task or set of tasks.
38
Fungi
Single-celled or multi-celled eukaryotic consumer that digests material outside its body, then absorbs released nutrients.
39
Bacterium
Member of the most diverse and well-known group of single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus.
40
Prediction
Statement, based on a hypothesis, about a condition that should exist if the hypothesis is correct.
41
Organism
Structural unit of interacting tissues, an individual that consists of one or more cells.
42
Homeostasis
Set of processes by which an organism keeps is internal conditions within tolerable ranges.
43
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid Carries hereditary information that guides development and functioning.
44
Specific Epithet
Second part of a species name.
45
Protists
Member of a diverse group of simple eukaryotes.
46
Reproduction
Process by which individuals produce offspring.
47
Atomic Number
Number of protons in the atomic nucleus; determines the element.
48
Critical Thinking
Judging information before accepting it.
49
Probability
The chance that a particular outcome of an event will occur; depends on the total number of outcomes possible.
50
Atom
Particle that is a fundamental building block of all matter.
51
Ecosystem
A community interacting with its physical and chemical environment.
52
Population
A group of individuals of the same type, or species, living in a given area.
53
Taxon
A group of organisms that share a unique set of features.
54
Scientific Theory
Hypothesis that has not been disproven after many years of rigorous testing.
55
Traits
An observable characteristics of an organism or species.
56
Dependent Variable
In an experiment, a variable that is presumably affected by the independent variable being tested.
57
Biodiversity
Scope of variation among living organisms.
58
Genus
A group of species that share a unique set of traits; also the first part of a species name.
59
Species
Unique type of organism.
60
Biology
The scientific study of life.
61
Eukaryotes
Organisms whose DNA is contained within a nucleus.

Biology 101 (7 decks)

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