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Biology 101 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Variable

A

In an experiement, a characteristic or event that differs among individuals over time.

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1
Q

Model

A

Analogous system used for testing hypothesis.

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2
Q

Molecule

A

Atoms joined in chemical bonds.

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3
Q

Growth

A

In multi celled species, an increase in the number, size, and volume of cells.

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4
Q

Law of Nature

A

Generalization that describes a consistent natural phenomenon for which there is incomplete scientific explanation.

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5
Q

Cell

A

Smallest unit of life.

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6
Q

Tissue

A

Organized array of cells and substances that interact in a collective task; made up of typically specialized cells.

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7
Q

Emergent Properties

A

Characteristics of a system that do not appear in any of the system’s components.

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8
Q

Organ System

A

A set of organs and tissues that interact to keep the individual’s body working properly.

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9
Q

Plants

A

A multicelled, typically photosynthetic producer.

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10
Q

Atoms

A

Fundamental units of matter, building blocks of all substances.

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11
Q

Community

A

All populations of all species in a given area.

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12
Q

Biosphere

A

Encompasses all regions of Earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere in which organisms live.

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13
Q

Data

A

Experimental results

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14
Q

Control Group

A

In an experiment, a group of individuals who are not exposed to the independent variable being tested.

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15
Q

Statistically Significant

A

Refers to a result that is statistically unlikely to have occurred by chance.

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16
Q

Consumers

A

Organisms that can’t make their own food; get energy/nutrition from feeing on other organisms.

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17
Q

Taxonomy

A

The science of naming and classifying species.

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18
Q

Periodic Table

A

Tabular arrangement of the elements by atomic number.

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19
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process plants use to create food; use energy of sunlight to make sugars from water and carbon dioxide.

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20
Q

Archaeon

A

Member of a group of single celled organisms that lack a nucleus, but are more closely related to eukaryotes than to bateria.

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21
Q

Nutrient

A

A substance that an organism needs for growth and survival but cannot make itself.

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22
Q

Nucleus (cell)

A

A sac with two membranes that encloses and protects a cell’s DNA.

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23
Q

Hypothesis

A

Testable explanation of natural phenomenon.

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24
Q

Experiment

A

A test designed to support or falsify a prediction.

25
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A

Using a general idea to make a conclusion about a specific case.

26
Q

Inductive Reasoning

A

Drawing a conclusion based on observation.

27
Q

Experimental Group

A

In an experiment, a group of individuals who are exposed to an independent variable.

28
Q

Independent Variable

A

Variable that is controlled by an experimenter in order to explore its relationship to a dependent variable.

29
Q

Development

A

Multistep process by which the first cell of a new individual becomes a multicelled adult.

30
Q

Sampling Error

A

Difference between results derived from testing an entire group of events or individuals, and results derived from testing a subset of the group.

31
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to do work.

32
Q

Inheritance

A

The transmission of DNA to offsrping.

33
Q

Molecule

A

Group of two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds.

34
Q

Producers

A

Organisms that make their own food using energy and simple raw materials they get directly from their environment.

35
Q

Scientific Method

A

Making, testing, and evaluating hypothesis.

36
Q

Animals

A

Multicelled consumer that develops through a series of stages and moves about during part or all of its life cycle.

37
Q

Organ

A

An organized array of tissues that collectively carry out a particular task or set of tasks.

38
Q

Fungi

A

Single-celled or multi-celled eukaryotic consumer that digests material outside its body, then absorbs released nutrients.

39
Q

Bacterium

A

Member of the most diverse and well-known group of single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus.

40
Q

Prediction

A

Statement, based on a hypothesis, about a condition that should exist if the hypothesis is correct.

41
Q

Organism

A

Structural unit of interacting tissues, an individual that consists of one or more cells.

42
Q

Homeostasis

A

Set of processes by which an organism keeps is internal conditions within tolerable ranges.

43
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid Carries hereditary information that guides development and functioning.

44
Q

Specific Epithet

A

Second part of a species name.

45
Q

Protists

A

Member of a diverse group of simple eukaryotes.

46
Q

Reproduction

A

Process by which individuals produce offspring.

47
Q

Atomic Number

A

Number of protons in the atomic nucleus; determines the element.

48
Q

Critical Thinking

A

Judging information before accepting it.

49
Q

Probability

A

The chance that a particular outcome of an event will occur; depends on the total number of outcomes possible.

50
Q

Atom

A

Particle that is a fundamental building block of all matter.

51
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community interacting with its physical and chemical environment.

52
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals of the same type, or species, living in a given area.

53
Q

Taxon

A

A group of organisms that share a unique set of features.

54
Q

Scientific Theory

A

Hypothesis that has not been disproven after many years of rigorous testing.

55
Q

Traits

A

An observable characteristics of an organism or species.

56
Q

Dependent Variable

A

In an experiment, a variable that is presumably affected by the independent variable being tested.

57
Q

Biodiversity

A

Scope of variation among living organisms.

58
Q

Genus

A

A group of species that share a unique set of traits; also the first part of a species name.

59
Q

Species

A

Unique type of organism.

60
Q

Biology

A

The scientific study of life.

61
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Organisms whose DNA is contained within a nucleus.

Biology 101 (7 decks)

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