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Biology 131 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Anatomy (gross/macroscopic)

A

Science of the structure of the human body. Gross is the larger body structures ex) heart stomach etc.

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2
Q

Physiology

A

study of the function of living things

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3
Q

Tissues

A

Group of similar cells and the intercellular substance specialize to preform a specific function.

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4
Q

Epithelial

A

a membranous tissue that covers the outer surface opt the body as eel as the internal cavities. ( support, storage and protect)

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5
Q

Connective Tissues

A

Primary Tissue composed of three elements that form a cellular matrix.

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6
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

formed during embryonic development through a process called myogenesis and is considered to be soft tissue. Allows muscles to contract.

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7
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Brain and spinal cord are the two main components of the nervous system. And the nervous tissue is the main component.

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8
Q

Organ

A

part of the body formed of two or more tissues and adapted to carry out an specific function.

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9
Q

Organ System

A

Multiple organs, which work together to accomplish a goal.

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10
Q

Responsiveness

A

is the quality or state that one responds to stimulus

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11
Q

Digestion

A

obtains nutrient, breaks down food and is responsible for the absorption of simple molecules into the blood

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12
Q

Metabolism

A

involves the entire biochemical process including reproduction, reacting to the environment. (anabolism= growth of substances) (catabolism=collapse of substance)

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13
Q

Excretion

A

The method to remove wasteful substances from the blood tissues or organs.

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14
Q

Reproduction

A

the biological process in which a new organism is created from the original and is a necessary process for maintaining life

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15
Q

Cellular Reproduction

A

the process in which cells reproduce from one another through mitosis or meiosis to create more cells.

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16
Q

Organismal Reproduction

A

a process where two organisms create another organism using gametes

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17
Q

Growth

A

process of developing physically.

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18
Q

Homeostasis

A

body needs to stay in a specific states in order to function optimally.

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19
Q

Body Fluids

A

any fluid contained in the body

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20
Q

Intracellular Fluid

A

(cystol) the body fluid inside the plasma membrane of the cell (Matrix)

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21
Q

Extracellular Fluid

A

body fluid located outside the cell

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22
Q

Tissue Fluid (Interstitial Fluid)

A

fluid between cells

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23
Q

Plasma

A

fluid present in the blood. Consists of water, nutrients, proteins and gases.

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24
Q

Lymph

A

small protein containing fluid transported by the lymphatic vessels.

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25
Feedback Systems
a process in which a system regulates itself by monitoring its own output
26
Stimulus
an excitant or irritant; change in the environment that evokes change
27
Receptor
end organ or specialized cell/group or nerve endings that are sensitive to stimulating agents (respond to sensory stimuli)
28
Control Center
evaluates the information it receives and selects a proper response
29
Effector
organ, gland or muscles that are capable or being activated by nerve endings
30
Positive Feedback
the output works to enhance the original stimulus. Positive mainly controls infrequent events in the body ex) child birth
31
Negative Feedback
the output that turns OFF the original stimulus containing the pH of the blood
32
Homeostatic Imbalance
is a disturbance in the internal balance of functions in the human body (homeostasis). Increase risk of illness and is responsible for many physical changes and diseases in old age.
33
Anatomical Position
face directed forward, arms at the side with palms facing forward and feet facing forward shoulder width apart
34
Superior
the upper part of the body close to the head (cranial)
35
Inferior
the lower part of the body. At or close to the posterior of the body (caudal)
36
Ventral
the front or anterior of a structure (chest, abdomen shins etc)
37
Dorsal
The back or posterior of a structure (back, buttocks, calves etc)
38
Anterior
of or near the head or towards the front plane or the body
39
Posterior
towards the dorsal or back plane of the body
40
Medial
centre or interior area of the body
41
Lateral
away from the midline of the body
42
Intermediate
between two body parts (heart is between the lungs)
43
Proximal
towards the attached end of a limb or the origin or a structure
44
Distal
away from the attached end of a limb or origin of a structure
45
Superficial
on the surface or shallow. closer to the exterior of the body
46
Appendicular
relating to the limbs (major division)
47
Plane
the different ways of viewing an object by moving the object at different angles and positions
48
Section
a cut though the body or an organ that is make along a particular plane; a thin slice of tissue prepared for microscopic study
49
Sagittal Plane
a vertical plane that divides the object being viewed into left and right regions
50
Frontal/ Coronal Plane
a vertical plane that divides the object being viewed into posterior (back) and anterior (front) sections
51
Transverse Plane
a hypothetical line that splits the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts
52
Deep
Closer to the centre of the body
53
Axial
relating to the head, neck and truck of the body (major divison)
54
Body Cavities
a fluid-filled space in a multi-cellular organism excluding vessels.
55
Thoracic Cavity
chest cavity is the chamber of the human body that is protected by the thoracic wall
56
Pleural Cavity
the space between the membranes (pleura) that line your lungs containing a small amount of fluid that allows lungs to expand/contract easily during breathing
57
Pericardial Cavity
the space between the two layers or pericardium that is filled with fluid
58
Mediastinum
the middle section of the chest cavity that includes all organs of the chest except the lungs (heart, aorta, thymus gland, etc)
59
Abdominopelvic Cavity
the inferior part of the ventral cavity. further divide into two parts called the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
60
Serous Membrane
membrane that lines and contains body cavity such as thoracic, cranial, spinal and abdominal cavities. The serous membrane contains cells that release a serous fluid, which helps lessen the amount of friction caused from muscles moving
61
Abdominoplevic Quadrants
the four quadrants of the Abdominoplevic area
62
Abdominopelvic Region
relating to the abdomen and plevis, especially the combined abdominal and pelvic cavities

Biology 131 (3 decks)

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