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Biology 131 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Chemistry

A

a physical science that studies the composition, structure, properties and change of matter.

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2
Q

Mass

A

a measure of the amount of matter in an object (Grams)

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3
Q

Element

A

limited numbers of varieties of matter that compose substances (Na, K, O)

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4
Q

Matter

A

anything that occupies space (volume, mass)

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5
Q

Chemical Symbols

A

symbols for the names of the elements.

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6
Q

Atom

A

the smallest particle of an elemental substance that displays the properties of that element (proton, neutron and electron)

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7
Q

Proton

A

a subatomic particle that bears a positive charge (located in the atoms nucleus)

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8
Q

Neutron

A

an uncharged subatomic particle (located in the atoms nucleus)

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9
Q

Electron

A

a negatively charged subatomic particle (located in the orbitals of an atom)

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10
Q

Molecules

A

a particle consisting of two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds

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11
Q

Compounds

A

a substance composed of two or more different elements, the atoms of which are chemically united.

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12
Q

Mixture

A

a material system make up of two or more different substances which are mixed but are not combined chemically

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13
Q

Solvent

A

the substance that dissolves the solute, usually the greater amount (water)

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14
Q

Solute

A

substance that is dissolved by the solvent, usually the lesser amount

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15
Q

Solutions

A

is a homogeneous mixture composed with only one phase

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16
Q

Colloids

A

a mixture in which the solute particles (proteins) do NOT settle

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17
Q

Suspensions

A

a heterogeneous mixture with large, often visual solutions that DO settle

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18
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

chemical bond formed by electron transfer between atoms

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19
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

chemical bond formed by electron sharing between atoms

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20
Q

Chemical Reaction

A

process in which molecules are formed, changed or broken down.

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21
Q

Reactants

A

a substance taking part of a reaction

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22
Q

Substrate

A

a reactant on which an enzyme acts to cause a chemical action to proceed

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23
Q

Enzyme

A

a protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up a chemical reaction

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24
Q

Catalyst

A

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself becoming chemically changed or part of the product

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25
Product
the compounds that are formed when a reaction goes to completion
26
Metabolism
the sum total of the chemical reactions offering in the body cells
27
Anabolic Reactions
the process involving a sequence of chemical reactions that construct or synthesizes molecules from smaller units, usually requiring input of energy (ATP)
28
Catabolic Reactions
the process involving a series of derivative chemical reactions that break down complex molecules into smaller units releasing energy
29
Dehydration Synthesis
the process by which a large molecule is synthesized by removing water a covalently bonding smaller molecules together (amino acid joining peptide bonds to form proteins)
30
Hydrolysis
the process in which water is used to split a substance into smaller particles
31
Inorganic Compounds
chemical substances that do not contain carbon, including water, salts, acids etc.
32
Anions
an ion carrying one or more negative charges and therefore attracted to a positive pole
33
Cation
an ion with a positive charge
34
Acids
a substance that releases a hydrogen
35
Electrolyte
substance that conducts electric current as a result of a dissociation
36
Free Radical
un paired valence electrol or open shell (BAD)
37
Radioisotope
chemical element that has unstable nucleus and emits radiation during decay
38
Salt
compound (ionic) that results from the neutralization reaction of an acid and base
39
Emulsion
a colloid of 2 or more immiscible liquids
40
Bases
7-14 on the pH scales. Bitter taste all bases have (OH-)
41
pH
measures how basic or acidic a substance is. It can range from 0-14
42
Buffers
solution that absorb excess H+ or OH- and resist to change in pH
43
Polar
refers to bond between two atoms. Unequal distribution of electrons, causing one end to be slightly positive and the other end to be negative
44
Non-Polar
A molecule that has no separation of charges, meaning no positive to negative poles are formed
45
Hydrophilic
"Water loving" molecules that dissolve easy in water. Polarized or charged
46
Hydrophobic
"Water Fearing" molecules that are non-polar and insoluble in water.
47
Hydrogen Bonding
an electromagnetic attraction between polar molecules where this bonding is not a sharing of electrons, but an attrition of charged atoms between the positive and negative poles
48
Cohesion
Water molecules are attracted to other water molecules Water stick together due to the attraction of hydrogen bonds between the two.
49
Adhesion
water molecules are attracted to other properties
50
Surface Tension
A property of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force
51
Lubrication
A substance that helps reduce difficulty or friction
52
Oxygen
an odourless gas, which is pre send in air and needed to maintain life
53
Carbon Dioxide
an odourless and colourless gas produced by respiration and bring of carbon and organic compounds
54
Organic Compounds
a compound composed of atoms which are tired together using covalent bonds
55
Carbohydrates
provide you body with heat and energy are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
56
Lipids
organic compound is primarily made of carbons and hydrogens atoms that are held together be covalent bonds
57
Proteins
many roles in the human body and have the most varied function of any molecule. Basic structure material, vital in cell division and compose 10-30% of cell mass
58
Nucleic Acid
a group of complex compounds found in any living cells and viruses. They consist of one or two chains of reposting nucleotides
59
Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate Ion Buffer
CO2+ H2O----->H2CO3----->H + HCO3- Carbon + Water------> Carbonic ----> Hydrogen + Bicarbonic Dioxide Acid Ion
60
Chemicals To Know
O, H, C, N, Ca, P, K, S, Cl, I, Fe.

Biology 131 (3 decks)

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