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Neurogenic Language Disorders > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What do neurons do?

A

They transmit information.

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1
Q

What are neurons?

A

Building blocks of nervous system.

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2
Q

What are two kinds of nerve fibers?

A

Dendrites & Axons

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3
Q

What kind of nerve fibers are dendrites? Axons?

A

Dendrites: afferent (sensory)
Axons: efferent (motor)

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4
Q

What does myelin sheath do?

A

Facilitates speed of neural transmitters.

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5
Q

What are nerves?

A

Bundles of axons, dendrites or both.

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6
Q

What is neural transmission? When does it occur?

A

Neural transmission is the process of information exchange. It occurs at synapse.

*Neurotransmitter- ACH

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7
Q

What is in the CNS?

A

Brain

Spinal Cord

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8
Q

What is in the PNS?

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves

31 pairs of spinal nerves

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9
Q

What is the spinal cord?

A

Bundle of nerve fibers within the vertebral column.

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10
Q

What makes up the brain?

A 
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Cerebral Ventricles
Association Fibers
Commissural Fibers
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11
Q

What makes up the brainstem?

A

Medulla
Pons
Midbrain

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12
Q

What are other names for medulla, pons, & midbrain?

A

Medulla- myelencephalon
Pons- metaencephalon
Midbrain- mesencephalon

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13
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Cerebellum coordinates and modulates force and range of body movement to produce smooth, rhythmic movements including speech movements.

*Does NOT initiate movement!!!

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14
Q

How many hemisphere’s does the cerebellum have?

A

2- right and left

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15
Q

What is the diencephalon?

A

Area in the brain between brainstem and cerebral hemispheres.

*It is NOT part of the hemispheres!

16
Q

What structures are located in the diencephalon?

A 
3rd Ventricle
Thalamus
Basal Ganglia
Subthalamic Nuclei
Substantial Nigra
17
Q

Which ventricle is located in the diencephalon?

A

3rd Ventricle

18
Q

Which is the largest of the diencephalon structures?

A

Thalamus.

19
Q

What is the thalamus made of?

A

Made up of two egg shaped bundles of nuclei. Includes a relay station which integrates sensory info and relays it to the cortical areas. Receives info about motor impulses from basal ganglia & cerebellum and relays these to motor areas of cortex.

20
Q

Where is basal ganglia located?

A

Near the thalamus.

21
Q

What important roles does the basal ganglia play?

A

Plays important roles in inhibition and facilitation of movement.

22
Q

What can damage to the basal ganglia lead to?

A

It can lead to unusual postures, involuntary movements (dyskinesias), and dysarthria.

23
Q

What structures are part of the basal ganglia?

A 
Caudate nucleus
Lenticular nucleus (putamen & globus pallidus)
24
Q

What is sometimes considered to be part of the basal ganglia? Where is it located?

A

Subthalmic nuclei located just below the thalamus.

25
Q

What structure, located below the subthalmic nuclei, is also sometimes considered to be part of the basal ganglia?

A

Substantial nigra

26
Q

What are cerebral ventricles?

A

Interconnected cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

27
Q

What is CSF?

A

A clear fluid which circulates through CNS and cushions the brain, regulates intracranial pressure, nourishes neural tissue, and removes waste products.

28
Q

True or False: Changes in CSF may indicate neurological problem.

A

True

29
Q

Ventricles hold what percentage of the bodies CSF?

A

15%

30
Q

Where is the remaining 85% of CSF located?

A

Subarachnoid space

31
Q

CSF flows through the _________ and is then __________ into the blood.

A

Ventricles; reabsorbed

33
Q

How often is CSF replaced?

A

Every 8 hours.

34
Q

What are the four ventricle?

A

2 lateral ventricles
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle

35
Q

What are the largest of the ventricle? Where are they found?

A

2 lateral ventricles which are found below the corpus callosum.

36
Q

Where is the 3rd ventricle located? How is is connected with the lateral ventricles?

A

Located at the top of the brainstem below the lateral ventricles. Connected to the lateral ventricles via foramen of Munro.

37
Q

Ventricles contain the choroid plexus. What does the choroid plexus produce?

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Neurogenic Language Disorders (1 decks)

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