Chapter 1-3 Mc Flashcards
(140 cards)
1
Q
Map is
A
A two dimensional or flat scale model of the earths surface or a portrait of it
2
Q
Cartography is the
A
Science of mapmaking
3
Q
Map are used as both a —– tool and a ——— tool
A
Reference tool and communications tool
4
Q
Map scale is
A
The level of detail and the amount of area covered on a map
5
Q
Ratio or fraction shows
A
The numerical ratio between distances on the map and the earth surface
6
Q
Written scale is
A
The relationship between map and earth distances in words
7
Q
Graphic scale
A
Usually shows a bar line marked to show distance on earths surface
8
Q
Projection is
A
Scientific method of transferring locations on earths surface to a flat map
9
Q
Robinson projection
A
Useful for displaying info across ocean, disadvantage land areas are smaller, 4 types of distortion ( globe turned flat )
10
Q
Mercator porjection
A
Shape is distorted very little, direction is consistent, map is rectangular, distorted at poles (good for sailors)
11
Q
What are the four types of distortion
A
Shape
Distance
Relative size
Direction
12
Q
A meridian is
A
a circle of constant longitude passing through a given place on the earth’s surface and the terrestrial poles. ( arc drawn b/w north and south poles; going up)
13
Q
Longitude is
A
A numbering system that the location of each meridian is identified on the earth surface (angular distance of a place east or west) expressed in degrees or minutes
14
Q
Prime meridian is
A
The meridian that passes through the royal observatory at Greenwich England ( 0 degree longitude )
15
Q
A parallel is
A
a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to meridian
16
Q
Latitude is
A
The numbering system to indicate a location of a parallel
17
Q
One hour of time is equivalent to
A
Fifteen degrees longitude
18
Q
Greenwich mean time or universal time is
A
The time at the prime meridian 0 longitude and is the reference time for all points on earth
19
Q
International date line is
A
It follows180 degrees longitude
20
Q
move clock backwards 24 hour if your are heading
A
Eastward toward America
21
Q
If you are heading westward toward Asia you move the clock
A
24 hours ahead
22
Q
Global Positioning System gps
A
A sytem that accurately determines the precise position of something on the earth
23
Q
Geographic information system gis
A
Computer system that captures and stores data, quarries, analyzes and displays geographic data
24
Q
What is place
A
A specified point on earth distinguished by a particular characteristic
25
Sense of place is
A feeling for the features that contribute to the distinctiveness of a particular spot on earth
26
Location is
The position that something occupies on earth surface
27
Toponym is
A name given to a place on earth
28
Site is
The physical characteristics of a place
| Ex: climate soil vegetation elevation topography
29
A region is
A area of earth defined by one ore more distinctive characteristics
30
Culture landscape is
A combination of culture features such as language religion economic features and physical features
31
Culture landscape approach or regional studies approach is
An area fashioned from nature by a culture group
32
A formal region (uniform region) is
An area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinct characteristics (language)
33
Functional region (nodal region)
an area organized around a node or a focal point (tv reception area from tv station)
34
A vernacular region (perceptual region)
An area that people believe exist as a part o their culture identity
35
Mental map is
Internal representation of a portions of earths surface (personal impressions)
36
Culture is
The body of customary beliefs material traits and social forms that together constitute the distance tradition of a group of people
37
Geography is
The study of where things are found on the earths surface and the reasons for their location
38
Scale is
The relationship b/w the portion of the earth being studied and the earth as a whole
39
Globalization is
A force or process that involves entire world and results in making something world wide in scope
40
Housing bubble
Rapid increase in the value of houses by sharp decline in their value
41
Space refers
To the physical gap or interval b/w two objects
42
Distribution is
The arrangement of a feature in space
43
Density is
The frequency w/ which something occurs in space
| involves number of feature and land area
44
Concentration is
The extent of a features spread over space
45
Pattern is the
Geometric arrangement of objects in space
46
Behavioral geography is
Branch of human geography that emphasizes the importance of understanding the psychological basics for human action
47
Humanistic geography
Emphasizes the different ways individuals perceive their surroundings
48
Poststructuralist geography is
Emphasizes the need to understand multiple perspectives regarding space
49
Connection is
The relationship among people and the objects across the barrier of space
50
Hearth is
A place from which an innovation originates
51
Diffusion is
The process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time
52
Relocation diffusion is
The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place o another
53
Expansion diffusion is
The spread of a feature from on place to another in an additive process
Hierarchical diffusion
Contagious diffusion
Stimulus diffusion
54
Hierarchical diffusion is
The spread of an idea from person or nodes of authority or power to other persons places
55
Contagious diffusion is
The rapid, wide spread diffusion of characteristics throughout the population
56
Stimulus diffusion is
The spread of an underlying principle even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse
57
Distance decay
Is the phenomenon that contact diminishes w/ increasing distance and eventually disappears
58
Space time comparison
Describes the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place
59
Network
Is a chain of communication that connects places
60
Digital subscribes line
Cable line or other service
61
Uneven development
Increasing gap in economic conditions b/w regions in the core and periphery that results from globalization of the economy
62
Resources
Stuff that is in the environment that is useful to people
63
Substance is
Merely part of nature until a society has use for it
64
Renewable resources
Produced in nature more rapidly then it is consumed by humans
65
Non renewable resources
Produce in nature more slowly then consumed by humans
66
Sustainability is the
Use of earth resources so that there is some available in the future
67
Conservation
Is the sustainable use and management of resources
68
Preservation is
The maintenance of resources
69
Biologically productive land is
Amount of land required to produce the resources currently consumed
70
Cultural ecology
Study of human environmental relationships
71
Environmental determination
Belief that physical environment caused social development
72
Possibilism
Physical environment may limit some human actions
73
Polder is
A piece of land that is created by draining water from the area
74
Demography is
Scientific study of population characteristics
75
Census
Amount of people that are counted for population
76
Ecumen
Portion of earths surface occupied by permanent human settlement
77
Density
Number of people occupying an area o land
78
Arable land
Land suited for agriculture
79
Arithmetic density
Total number of objects in an area
People/ land area
80
Physiological density
The number of people supported by a unit of arable land
81
Agricultural density
Is the ratio of the number of farmers to amount of arable land
82
Crude birth rate
Total number of love births in a year for every 1000 people alive in society
83
Crude death rate
Total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in society
84
Natural increase rate
The percentage by which a population grows in a year
Cbr-CDr
85
Doubling time
The number of years needed to double a population
86
Total fertility rate
The average number of children a women will have throughout her child bearing years (15-45)
SS AFRICA 5.0 high
Most European below 2.0 or equal to
87
Developed country have
Lower rates of natural increase, crude birth rate and total fertility (developing has the opposite)
88
Dependency ratio
Is the number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in productive years
89
Sex ratio
Number of males per 100 females in a population
90
Developed countries have more females than males
| True or false
True
91
Demographic transition
Process of change in a society's populations fertility rate, mortality rate and natural increase rate in a country over time
92
Stage 1 of demographic transition
| Low growth
Very high birth and death rates
No long term natural increase
Early human history
93
Stage 2 demographic transition
| High growth
Rapidly declining death rate
Very high birth rates
Very high natural increase rate
94
Europe and American enters stage 2 in the 1750 cause of the
Industrial revolution
95
Transition between 2 and 3 occurs when
Crude death rate drops sharply
96
Stage 3 of demographic transition
| Decreasing growth
Birth rate rapidly declines
Death rate keep dropping rapidly
Natural increase rates begin to moderate
Because people don't have babies
97
Stage 4 of demographic transition
| Low growth
Very low birth rate and death rates
Produce virtually no long term natural increase and a possibly decrease
Cbr equal CDr and NIR is zero
98
Malthus predictions state that
Population increase outnumbering food supply
99
Stage 5 demographic transition
| Decline
Low cbr
Increasing CDr
Negative NIR
100
Epidemiological transition
Health threats in each stage of demographic transition
101
Epidemiology
Branch of medical science that aid control of disease
102
What happens in diseases in each stage
```
Stage 1 famine
Stage 2 receding pandemic
Stage 3 human created disease
Stage 4 delayed degenerative disease
Stage 5 returning of disease
```
103
Infant mortality rate
Annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age compared to total live births
104
Emigration
Migration from a location
105
Immigration
Migration to a location
106
Net migration
Difference between number of immigrants and number of emigrants
107
Migration
specific type of relocation to a new location
108
Mobility
All types of movement from one place to another
109
Circulation
Short term repetitive movements that re occur
110
Most people migrate to look for
Economical freedom
Cultural freedom
Environmental comfort
111
Migration transition
Change in migration pattern in a society that results from social economic change
112
People around the world usually migrate from rural areas to
Rural to urban
113
Us immigration in 17 and 18 cent
Britain and Irish
| Slaves
114
Us immigration mid 19 early 20 cent
Mass European migration
115
Late 20th and 21 cent
Asian and Latin America
116
Forward capital
Symbolically move of capital
117
Population center
Average population of everyone in country
118
Us migrated interregional in what direction
Toward the west
119
Developed countries migrate from Urban to
Urban to suburban
120
Counter Urbanization
Net migration from urban areas to rural areas
121
Rocky Mountain states are
Colorado Idaho Utah Wyoming
122
In 1890 most immigrants came form to the us
east and west Europe
123
Sun belt includes which states
Texas California Florida
| Stretches across southeast to south west
124
Rust belt is what states regions
Northeastern
Great Lakes
Mid west
125
Push factor
Induces people to move out of their present location
126
Pull factor
Indices people to move into a new location
127
3 major kinds of push pull factors
Economic political and environmental
128
Refugee
Forced migrant form another country to avoid political conflict or other disasters and cannot return because of being persecuted
129
Internationally displaced person
Forced migrant l for similar reasons as refugee but has not migrated across the border yet
130
Asylum seeker
Someone who's has migrated I another country in hope of being recognized as a refugee
131
Guest worker
Immigrant from poor country going temporarily to obtain jobs in other country
132
Intervening obstacle
Environmental or political feature that hinders migration
| Passport mountains wars extra
133
Brain drain
Large scale emigration by talented people
134
Chain migration
Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there
135
Unauthorized immigration
Those who immigrate illegally who dont have document
136
Isolines map
Shows changes in elevation
136
Proportional symbols map
Indicate relative magnitude of some value
136
Dot maps
Used points to show location of specific observation
136
Choropleth map
Use colors or tonal shading to represent category
136
Cartogram map
Transform size to reflect magnitude of value
