Chapter 1 - 3 Quiz 1 Review

Question 1

What is Homeostasis?

Answer 1

• Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment

o Environmental factors that affect cell
o Materials needed for cells needs
o Factors cells use to communicate with each other

Question 2

What is the ionic distribution between outside of a cell and inside of a cell?

Answer 2

• Ions have a concentration gradient across membrane. ie: potassium K+ is higher inside and a low concentration outside the membrane

Question 3

Monounsaturated Fat

Answer 3

Fatty acids with one double bond (Oleic acid)

Question 4

Polyunsaturated Fat

Answer 4

Fatty acids with two or more double bond (Linoleic acid)

Question 5

Monosaccharide

Answer 5

Simple sugars

Ribose, Deoxyribose, Fructose, Glucose, Galactose

Question 6

Disaccharides

Answer 6

Glucose + another monosaccharide

Question 7

Polysaccharide

Answer 7

Glucose polymers

Question 8

Primary Structure of a Protein

Answer 8

the sequence of the amino acid strings

Question 9

Secondary structure

Answer 9

the covalent bond angles and hoops of the amino acid

Question 10

What are the Nitrogenous base pairs of DNA

Answer 10

Adenine – Thymine

Guanine – Cytosine

Question 11

What are the Nitrogenous base pairs of RNA

Answer 11

Adenine – Uracil

Guanine – Cytosine

Question 12

What makes up a Plasma Membrane?

Answer 12

a ring of phospholipids

Question 13

What is difference between Cations and Anions?

Answer 13

Cations are positive

Anions are negative

Question 14

List the different Cations

Answer 14

Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Hydrogen
Magnesium

Question 15

List the different Anions

I’d Ate an onion with Corn, Bell, Peppers, and Sausage

Answer 15

Chloride
Bicarbonate
Phosphate
Sulfate

Question 16

Covalent Bonds

Answer 16

A bond between atoms when electrons are shared – requiring energy to make or break

Question 17

What are the two types of covalent bonds?

Answer 17

a. Non-polar – even distribution of electrons

b. Polar – Regions of partial charge. (ie: water)

Question 18

What is an Ionic Bond?

Answer 18

Electrostatic attraction where opposite charges attract. Atoms lose or gain electrons

Question 19

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 19

Weak bond that require little energy to break

ie: water surface tension slide

Question 20

Van der Waals Force

Answer 20

Weak and non-specific attractions (bond) between atoms

Question 21

Water Molecule

Answer 21

Unequal Sharing of atoms

Question 22

How is the pH scale read?

Answer 22

• The Lower the pH the more Acidic

- The Higher the pH the more Basic

Question 23

What is normal human blood pH

Answer 23

pH 7.4

Question 24

What is the Law of Mass Action?

Answer 24

• When protein binding is at equilibrium, the ration of the bound and unbound components remains constant

Co2+H2o — H2Co3 — HCo3-+H+

Question 25

What is a Bicarbonate anion?

Answer 25

- (First Responder) Buffer that moderates changes in pH | - Will bind with carbonic acid

Question 26

What makes up the Intracellular area?

Answer 26

Fluid within cells

Question 27

What makes up the Extracellular area?

Answer 27

Plasma, Interstitial Fluid

Question 28

Explain the plasma membrane and its hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.

Answer 28

made of Phospholipids with heads facing the extracellular and intracellular and lipid tails on the interior of the membrane Lipids - Phospholipids, Sphingolipids, Cholesterol Phospholipid structures in aqueous solutions - Bilayer, Micelle, Liposome

Question 29

Glycocalyx

Answer 29

- A protective layer on the external surface of a cell made of glycolipids and glycoproteins

Question 30

What is a cellular inclusion?

Answer 30

- Particles floating in the cytosol - Ribosomes - Glycogen - Lipid Droplets

Question 31

Plasma membrane

Answer 31

semipermeable membrane made of phosphate and lipid

Question 32

Cytoplasm

Answer 32

watery medium in the cell called the cytoplasm

Question 33

Ribosomes

Answer 33

manufactures proteins

Question 34

Nucleus

Answer 34

Contains the DNA structure chromosomes

Question 35

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 35

folded membranes make proteins with ribosomes

Question 36

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 36

creates packing vesicles to move things in cell

Question 37

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 37

modifies protein

Question 38

Lysosomes

Answer 38

breaks down worn out parts in cell

Question 39

Peroxisomes

Answer 39

breaks down fatty acids for membranes, and converting hydrogen peroxide to water

Question 40

Mitochondria

Answer 40

powerhouse of ATP

Question 41

Centrioles

Answer 41

group of microtubules, organizes chromosomes during mitosis

Question 42

Simple Squamous

Answer 42

Location: blood and lymphatic vessels, air sacs of lungs, lining of the heart Function: secrets lubricating substance, allows diffusion and filtration

Question 43

Simple Cuboidal

Answer 43

Location: secretory ducts of small glands, kidney tubules Function: allows secretion and absorbtion

Question 44

Simple Columnar

Answer 44

Location: ciliated - bronchi, uterine tubes, uterus Nonciliated - digestive tract, bladder Function: allows absorbtion, secretes mucous and enzymes

Question 45

Stratified Squamous

Answer 45

Location: keratinized (skin); nonkeratinized – Lines the mucous Function: protection (keratinized – waterproofing)

Question 46

Stratified Cuboidal

Answer 46

Location: rare – sweat glands Function: structural reinforcement

Question 47

Stratified Columnar

Answer 47

Location: ciliated – pharynx, epiglottis, salivary glands Nonciliated – Urethra Function: protection and secetion

Question 48

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

Answer 48

Location: trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity (ciliated cells) Function: secretes mucus which is moved with cilia

Question 49

Transitional

Answer 49

Location: Urinary bladder, Renal pelvis, Ureters Function: allows to stretch and expand

Question 50

Dense Regular Tissue | ALT

Answer 50

connective tissue is mainly made up of collagen fibers. It is found in areas of the body where large amounts of tensile strength are required, like in ligaments, tendons and aponeurosis.

Question 51

Dense Irregular | WEGTDW

Answer 51

Dense woven network of collagen fiber found in the dermis of the skin, in glandular tissue, in the walls of organs, and in the whites of the eyes.