Chapter 1 Flashcards
An organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development is referred to as a
Theory
________ theory states that child development occurs according to a prearranged scheme or plan within the bod
maturational
An evolutionary perspective is most closely associated with ______ theories.
Ethological
Freud’s psychodynamic theory contributed to the field of child development by suggesting that proper development was a result of appropriately resolved childhood _________
conflicts
The moral agent in a child’s personality according to Freud’s theory is the _________
Superego
Erikson proposed a _______ theory in which development consists of a sequence of stages.
Psychosocial theory
In the psychodynamic perspective, outcomes of development reflect the__________ and ________ with which influence children surmount life’s barriers.
manner
ease
_______ was the first theorist to use learning theory to explain child development.
Watson or skinner??
B. F. Skinner is most closely associated with ________ conditioning.
Operant
A reward that consists of taking away something unpleasant is called __________
Negative Reinforcment
A consequence that decreases the future likelihood of the behavior that it follows is called a __________
Punishment
Social cognitive theory extended operant conditioning theory by adding the concept of _______ to rewards and punishments.
imitation? self-efficacy?
Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development focused on children’s creation of __________ that help them understand their ____________.
thought
environment
Piaget believed that children __________ their theories over time.
test/create
_______ was a theorist who was primarily interested in ways that adults convey cultural beliefs to children.
Lev Vygotsky
Modern theories utilize the five major ______ theories because one single theory cannot explain all aspects of development.
Perspective
The continuity-discontinuity issue addresses the question of whether ___ ___ _ ____ is related to ___ ____.
early aspects of development
later asapects
The nature-nurture issue is concerned with the roles of ___________ and ____________ play in development.
Biology(nature)
Environment (nurture)
John Locke’s views are consistent with a ___________ view of the child.
Passive
Research measures that involve watching children’s unprompted behavior in real-life settings are referred to as _____ _______.
Naturalistic Observation
One drawback of structured observations is that the contrived ______ of the setting may distort the ___________ of interest.
Situation
Behavior
Sampling behavior with task may not really sample the __________ of _________
Behavior
interest
A problem with the use of self reports is that children may provide answers that are _____ ___________.
in accurate
incorrect
The tendency to select socially acceptable answers is called ______ _______.
Response bias
