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CHAPTER 1-4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Malignant carcinoma

A

Arise from surface epithelia

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2
Q

• Adenocarcinomas

gland or epithelia ?

A

GLAND

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3
Q

Types of basement membrane

A

• BASAL LAMINA
 electron-dense, sheet-like layer of fine fibrils
• RETICULAR LAMINA
 diffuse and fibrous
 contains TYPE III COLLAGEN and is bound to TYPE VII COLLAGEN

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4
Q

Perlecan

A

 gives basal lamina a 3D-structure

-  cross-link laminins to the type IV collagen

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5
Q

JUNCTIONS

INTEGRINS (binds to LAMININ) - Extracted with salt solution

  • EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA / BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID
    o skin blistering disorder
    o Example: pemphigus vulgaris
A

o Hemidesmosomes

freeze fracture / cryofracture

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6
Q

zonula “Band encircling the cell”occludens

  • ribbon-like area of fusion / leaflet
A

TIGHT JUNCTION

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7
Q

• Where ENTEROTOXIN secreted by C. perfringence (causes food poisoning) binds

  • In tight junction
A

claudins

add ons:
occludins
zo protein

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8
Q

• Targeted by H. pylori (causes: GASTRIC ULCER)

in Tight junction

A

zo protein

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9
Q

compromised fetal blood–brain barrier in tight junction

A

occludins

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10
Q

E-CADHERIN (binds to CATENINS) protein link

belt desmosome

A

o Intermediate / anchoring junction / zonula adherens

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11
Q

• disk-shaped adhesive site / “SPOT-WELD”

A

o desmosome (macula adherens / binding body)

-protein link:
cadherin family: o desmogleins and desmocollins

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12
Q

o ALLOW TRANSFER OF ION CELL TO CELl

A

gap junction

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13
Q

causes DEAFNESS and PERIPHERAL NEUROPHATY in gap junction

A

connexin protein in connexon

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14
Q

 finger-like projections with glycocalyx

A

microvilli

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15
Q

 maintain the shape of the cilium (with axoneme)

A

• nexin (elastic protein)

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16
Q

 Axonemes lacks ciliary dynei arms

 abnormal ciliary beat

A

• Immotile cilia syndrome

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17
Q

most abundant To least abundant ECM

A

Connective (support and protection),

muscle(contraction; movement),

epithelial (lining; glandular secretion)
nervous

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18
Q

o Example: parotid gland

o gland where secretory cells release their contents by exocytosis.

A

merocrine gland

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19
Q

oExample: lactating mammary gland

o part of apical cytoplasm is released

A

 apocrine glands

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20
Q

o example: sebaceous gland
o entire secretory cell
o content is released

A

holocrine

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21
Q

It mediates the linkage of molecules outside the cell with cytoskeletal elements inside the cell.

A

fibronectin

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22
Q

Cleavage of procollagen by procollagen

peptidases

A

collagen synthesis outside the cell

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23
Q

defect in the translation of

mRNA for type III collagen; ruptured bowel

A

Ehlers-Danlos type IV syndrome.

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24
Q

influences calcification of bone

A

osteonectin

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25
a fibroblasts that migrates during wound healing - manufactured by connective tissue cells
fibronectin
26
adhesive glycoprotein that links type IV | collagen with laminin in the lamina
entactin
27
main component of peripheral microfibrils in an elastic fiber
fibrillin
28
an organelles which divides by | fission
peroxisome
29
Movement of protein from RER to endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi-intermediate compartment (ERGIC) (A) Clathrin-coated vesicle (B) Coatomer-coated vesicle
Coatomer-coated vesicle
30
Retrieval of secretion-granule membrane after exocytosis A) Clathrin-coated vesicle (B) Coatomer-coated vesicle
Clathrin-coated vesicle
31
Vesicular movement of protein from trans to cis Golgi cisternae A) Clathrin-coated vesicle (B) Coatomer-coated vesicle
Coatomer-coated vesicle
32
Movement of acid hydrolases from the trans Golgi network to a late endosome A) Clathrin-coated vesicle (B) Coatomer-coated vesicle
Clathrin-coated vesicle
33
1. Is associated with kinesin 2.Consists of globular actin monomers linked into a double helix 3. Has a rigid wall composed of 13 protofilament strand 4. Provides structural support to astrocytes choices (A) Microfilament (B) Intermediate filament (C) Microtubule
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B
34
Anticodons are located in what RNA
TRANSFER RNA
35
1.An inclusion not bounded by a membrane that is observable only during interphase 2. Continuous with rough endoplasmic reticulum 3. Controls movement of proteins in and out of the nucleus 4. . Site of transcriptional activity 5. Clumps of nucleoprotein; Predominates in Lymphocyte. ``` choices: (A) Nuclear pore complex (B) Nucleolus (C) Heterochromatin (D) Outer nuclear membrane (E) Euchromatin ```
1. B NUCLEOLUS 2. D OUTER NUCLEAR MEMBRANE 3. A nuclear pore 4. E. euchromatin 5. c. heterochromatin
36
ostructural unit of DNA into chromatin and 8 histones | o “beads on a string”
nucleosome
37
• - nucleolus disappears • threadlike chromosomes in centromere - centrosomes at the opposite pole
PROPHASE
38
• Kinetochores (moving) | o Chromosomes condense further into alignment at the equatorial plate
METAPHASE
39
Chromosomes toward opposite spindle poles
ANAPHASE
40
1. chromosomes line up double file 2. Single file a. Metaphase I b. Metaphase II
1. A | 2. B
41
1. sister chromatids remain joined. 2. • Sister chromatids into nonidentical haploid cells a. Anaphase I/ Telophase I b. Anaphase II/ Telophase II
1. A | 2. B
42
 Cleave / degrade DNA
o Endonucleases
43
- Controlled by Bcl-2 family | - Triggered by p53
Apoptosis
44
* Bound to cytoplasmic side | * DETERGENT TO DISRUPT LIPID
peripheral protein
45
• For lipophilic (fat-soluble; nonpolar) molecules passive or mediated ?
passive diffusion type: simple - unassisted -NONPOLAR
46
 cell membrane invaginates (dimples inward) to create a pit with a drop of ECF. = Pinocytic vesicle
o Pinocytosis (“cell drinking”)
47
* facilitates invagination of pits * constricting loops around the developing neck of the pit causing coated vesicle. -cage-like invagination of clathrin
CLATHRIN DYNAMIN Coated vesicle
48
for protein secretion - o Lysosomal enzyme synthesis o chaperonins o Cisternae (SAC-LIKE reservoir) SER OR RER ?
RER EXAMPLE:
49
o Lipid, steroid and carbs synthesis | o detoxifies both drugs and alcohol by cytochrome P450
SER
50
 barrel-shaped protein in cytosol -  ubiquitin - Breaks down unneeded protein -
PROTEASOME (FREE RIBOSOME)
51
Forward movement in cis face of golgi apparatus (camillo golgi 1898) COP I or COP II
COP II
52
o digest organelles by autophagy | o ENDOCYTOSIS
LYSOSOME -lipofuscin as indigestible material.  pale brown granule  “age pigment”/ “wear and tear pigment”  ONLY MEMBRANE BOUND
53
stains for lysosome TEM LM
o TEM: FLUORESCENT DYE in blue Hoechst-stained (Green) mitochondria (red) -LM : Toluidine blue
54
 formation of bile acid and cholesterol
peroxisome
55
1. defective peroxisomal proteins | 2. Deficiencies of peroxisomal enzymes
1.  Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy | 2.  Zellweger syndrome
56
* Anterograde transport * Carry AWAY from MTOC. kinesin or cytoplasmic dyneins
kinesin cytoplasmic dyneins - retrograde - toward nucleus
57
 G-actin monomer subunit with k+ and Mg2+ in F-actin
microfilament
58
myosin I vs. myosin II
o Myosin I  Cytokinesis to produce 2 cells o Myosin II  Endocytosis to produce cell surface
59
memorize! CLASS 1 - skin blister CLASS II - Keratoderma; corneal dystrophy CLASS III - Myopathies - vimentin CLASS IV - Alexander disease
CLASS 1 - skin blister CLASS II - Keratoderma; corneal dystrophy CLASS III - Myopathies CLASS IV - Alexander disease
60
o epididymis o vas deferens of male RT stereocilia or cilia?
stereocilia
61
Excess holocrine secretion of sebum and keratin causes
acne, acne vulgaris
62
used in naming types of | epithelia
of cell layer
63
release of lipid droplets from cells is which type of secretion?
apocrine
64
 Associated with RT infection
cilia
65
intermediate filament protein found in cytoplasm of most | epithelial cells
keratin
66
flattened parallel stack
cisternae
67
barrel shaped protein | -ubiquitin
proteasome
68
secretory product of golgi apparatus
zymogen granule
69
o plaque-like entity gap or tight junction?
gap junction
70
 LONG MICROVILLI  Location: o epididymis o vas deferens of male RT
stereocili

histology (4 decks)

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