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Pharmacology > chapter 1-4 > Flashcards

chapter 1-4 Flashcards

(61 cards)

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0
Q

Excipients

A

Used in drug preparation to allow the drug to take on a particular size, shape and enhance drug dissolution.

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1
Q

Pharmaceutical phase

A

The drug becomes a solution so that it can cross the biological me brain

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2
Q

Disintegration

A

Breakdown of a tablet into smaller particles

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3
Q

Dissolution

A

Is dissolving of the smaller particles in the GI fluid before absorption .

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4
Q

Rate limiting

A

Is the time it takes the drug to disintegrate and dissolve to become available for the body to absorb it

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5
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

The process of drug movement to achieve drug action

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6
Q

Absorption

A

Is the movement of drug particle from the gi tract to body fluids by passive absorption active absorption or pinocytosis

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7
Q

Passive absorption

A

Occurs mostly in diffusion (movement from higher concentration to lower concentration)

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8
Q

Active absorption

A

Requires a carrier such as an enzyme or protein to move to the drug against a concentration gradient.

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9
Q

Pinocytosis

A

A process by which cells carry a drug across the membrane by engulfing the drug particles.

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10
Q

First pass effect

A

A process where drugs pass to the liver first.

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11
Q

Bioavailability

A

A subcategory of absorption

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12
Q

Distribution

A

Process by which the drug becomes available to body fluids and body tissues.

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13
Q

Protein binding effect

A

W

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14
Q

Free drugs

A

Drugs not bound to protein are active and can cause a pharmacological response

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15
Q

Metabolism

A

Drugs can be metabolized in both the G I tract and liver. The liver is the primary site

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16
Q

Half life

A

(t1/2) of a drug is the time it takes for one half of the drug concentrate to be eliminated

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17
Q

Elimination

A

The main way for drugs to be eliminated through the kidneys

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18
Q

Creatinine clearance

A

Most accurate test to determine renal function

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19
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Study of drug concentration and it’s effects on the body.

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20
Q

Onset of action

A

Is the time it takes to reach minimum effective concentration after a drug is administer

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21
Q

Peak action

A

Occurs when the drug reaches the highest blood or plasma concentration

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22
Q

Duration of action

A

Is the level of time the drug has a pharmacologic effect

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23
Q

Time response curve

A

Evaluates three parameters of drug action. Onset, peak and duration of action

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24
Four Receptor families
Kinase linked, ligand gated ion channel, G protein coupled receptor and nuclear receptors
25
Ligand binding domain
The site on the receptor at which drugs bind
26
Agonist
Drugs that produce a response
27
Antagonist
A drugs that block a response
28
Nonspecific drugs
Drugs that affect various sites
29
Nonselective drugs
Drugs that affect various receptors
30
Categories of drug actions
Stimulation or depression - speed up or slow down the heart Replacement - vitamin Inhibition or killing of organism- antibiotics Irritation - laxatives to irritate the inner wall if the colon thus increasing peristalsis and defecation
31
Therapeutic index
Estimates the margin of safety of a drug through the ratio that measures the effective dose
32
Low therapeutic index
Narrow margin of safety
33
High therapeutic
Wide margin of safety or less danger of producing toxins
34
Therapeutic range
A drug concentration in plasma should be between minimum effective concentration in the plasma for obtaining desired drug action and minimum toxic concentration
35
Peak drug level
Is the highest plasma concentration of drug at a specific time
36
Trough drug level
Lowest plasma concentration of a drug
37
Load dose
A large initial dose
38
Side effects
Physiologic effects not related to desired drug effects
39
Adverse reaction
More severe then side effects
40
Toxic effect or toxicity
Likely to occur from overdosing or drug accumulation
41
Pharmacogenetics
The scientific discipline studying how the effect of a drug action varies from a predicted drug response because of genetic factors or hereditary influences
42
Tolerance
Refers to a decreased responsiveness over the course of therapy
43
Tachyphyaxis
Refers to rapid decrease in response to the drug
44
Placebo effect
A psychological benefit from a compound that may not have the chemical structure of a drug effect
45
Assessment
The first phase of the nursing process assessment form the basis on which care is planned, implemented, and evaluated.
46
Subjective data
What the patient tells you
47
Objective
Lab results, diagnostic studies,
48
Nursing diagnosis
Made based on the analysis of the assessment data based on planning, implementation teaching evaluation
49
Planning
Phase of the nursing process is characterized by goal setting. Or expected out come.
50
Implementation
Nursing actions/intervention necessary to accomplish the established goals or expected outcome.
51
Culturally sensitive
Awareness of the implications of culture for this family or Clint
52
Evaluation
Effective of health training about drug therapy and attainment of goals are addressed in the evaluation
53
Nurses six rights of drug administration
``` Right client Right drug Right dose Right time Right route, document ```
54
Nurses six right
Right to complete and clear orders Right to have the correct drug route and dose dispensed Right to access to information Right to policies to guide safe medication administered Right to administer safely Right to stop think and be vigilant
55
Right dose
More than just the dose but within guide lines for drug administration as related to the clients physical status
56
Distribution
Stocking drugs
57
Unit drug method
Drugs are wrapped individually and labeled for single doses for each client
58
Stock drug method
Drug are dispensed to all clients from the same containers
59
Right time
The time prescribed dose should be administered.
60
Right route
Necessary for adequate or appropriate absorption

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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