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Pharmacology > chapter 1-4 > Flashcards

chapter 1-4 Flashcards

0
Q

Excipients

A

Used in drug preparation to allow the drug to take on a particular size, shape and enhance drug dissolution.

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1
Q

Pharmaceutical phase

A

The drug becomes a solution so that it can cross the biological me brain

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2
Q

Disintegration

A

Breakdown of a tablet into smaller particles

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3
Q

Dissolution

A

Is dissolving of the smaller particles in the GI fluid before absorption .

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4
Q

Rate limiting

A

Is the time it takes the drug to disintegrate and dissolve to become available for the body to absorb it

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5
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

The process of drug movement to achieve drug action

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6
Q

Absorption

A

Is the movement of drug particle from the gi tract to body fluids by passive absorption active absorption or pinocytosis

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7
Q

Passive absorption

A

Occurs mostly in diffusion (movement from higher concentration to lower concentration)

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8
Q

Active absorption

A

Requires a carrier such as an enzyme or protein to move to the drug against a concentration gradient.

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9
Q

Pinocytosis

A

A process by which cells carry a drug across the membrane by engulfing the drug particles.

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10
Q

First pass effect

A

A process where drugs pass to the liver first.

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11
Q

Bioavailability

A

A subcategory of absorption

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12
Q

Distribution

A

Process by which the drug becomes available to body fluids and body tissues.

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13
Q

Protein binding effect

A

W

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14
Q

Free drugs

A

Drugs not bound to protein are active and can cause a pharmacological response

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15
Q

Metabolism

A

Drugs can be metabolized in both the G I tract and liver. The liver is the primary site

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16
Q

Half life

A

(t1/2) of a drug is the time it takes for one half of the drug concentrate to be eliminated

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17
Q

Elimination

A

The main way for drugs to be eliminated through the kidneys

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18
Q

Creatinine clearance

A

Most accurate test to determine renal function

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19
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Study of drug concentration and it’s effects on the body.

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20
Q

Onset of action

A

Is the time it takes to reach minimum effective concentration after a drug is administer

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21
Q

Peak action

A

Occurs when the drug reaches the highest blood or plasma concentration

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22
Q

Duration of action

A

Is the level of time the drug has a pharmacologic effect

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23
Q

Time response curve

A

Evaluates three parameters of drug action. Onset, peak and duration of action

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24
Q

Four Receptor families

A

Kinase linked, ligand gated ion channel, G protein coupled receptor and nuclear receptors

25
Q

Ligand binding domain

A

The site on the receptor at which drugs bind

26
Q

Agonist

A

Drugs that produce a response

27
Q

Antagonist

A

A drugs that block a response

28
Q

Nonspecific drugs

A

Drugs that affect various sites

29
Q

Nonselective drugs

A

Drugs that affect various receptors

30
Q

Categories of drug actions

A

Stimulation or depression - speed up or slow down the heart
Replacement - vitamin
Inhibition or killing of organism- antibiotics
Irritation - laxatives to irritate the inner wall if the colon thus increasing peristalsis and defecation

31
Q

Therapeutic index

A

Estimates the margin of safety of a drug through the ratio that measures the effective dose

32
Q

Low therapeutic index

A

Narrow margin of safety

33
Q

High therapeutic

A

Wide margin of safety or less danger of producing toxins

34
Q

Therapeutic range

A

A drug concentration in plasma should be between minimum effective concentration in the plasma for obtaining desired drug action and minimum toxic concentration

35
Q

Peak drug level

A

Is the highest plasma concentration of drug at a specific time

36
Q

Trough drug level

A

Lowest plasma concentration of a drug

37
Q

Load dose

A

A large initial dose

38
Q

Side effects

A

Physiologic effects not related to desired drug effects

39
Q

Adverse reaction

A

More severe then side effects

40
Q

Toxic effect or toxicity

A

Likely to occur from overdosing or drug accumulation

41
Q

Pharmacogenetics

A

The scientific discipline studying how the effect of a drug action varies from a predicted drug response because of genetic factors or hereditary influences

42
Q

Tolerance

A

Refers to a decreased responsiveness over the course of therapy

43
Q

Tachyphyaxis

A

Refers to rapid decrease in response to the drug

44
Q

Placebo effect

A

A psychological benefit from a compound that may not have the chemical structure of a drug effect

45
Q

Assessment

A

The first phase of the nursing process assessment form the basis on which care is planned, implemented, and evaluated.

46
Q

Subjective data

A

What the patient tells you

47
Q

Objective

A

Lab results, diagnostic studies,

48
Q

Nursing diagnosis

A

Made based on the analysis of the assessment data based on planning, implementation teaching evaluation

49
Q

Planning

A

Phase of the nursing process is characterized by goal setting. Or expected out come.

50
Q

Implementation

A

Nursing actions/intervention necessary to accomplish the established goals or expected outcome.

51
Q

Culturally sensitive

A

Awareness of the implications of culture for this family or Clint

52
Q

Evaluation

A

Effective of health training about drug therapy and attainment of goals are addressed in the evaluation

53
Q

Nurses six rights of drug administration

A 
Right client
Right drug
Right dose
Right time
Right route, document
54
Q

Nurses six right

A

Right to complete and clear orders
Right to have the correct drug route and dose dispensed
Right to access to information
Right to policies to guide safe medication administered
Right to administer safely
Right to stop think and be vigilant

55
Q

Right dose

A

More than just the dose but within guide lines for drug administration as related to the clients physical status

56
Q

Distribution

A

Stocking drugs

57
Q

Unit drug method

A

Drugs are wrapped individually and labeled for single doses for each client

58
Q

Stock drug method

A

Drug are dispensed to all clients from the same containers

59
Q

Right time

A

The time prescribed dose should be administered.

60
Q

Right route

A

Necessary for adequate or appropriate absorption

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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