Chapter 1-4

Question 1

Plasma membrane

Answer 1

Outer boundary of cell

Question 2

Diffusion

Answer 2

Net movement from areas of higher to lower concentration.

Substances transported: lipid soluble molecules

Question 3

Osmosis

Answer 3

Water diffuses across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 4

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 4

Carrier proteins moves substances across the plasma membrane without ATP

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

Spherical, rod-shaped or threadlike structures that are major sites for ATP synthesis when O2 is available

Question 6

ATP

Answer 6

adenosine triphosphate, is the main energy-carrying molecule in cells, often called the “energy currency” of the cell

Question 7

DNA

Answer 7

deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for building and maintaining an organism.

Genetic materials of cells.

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

Acts as the control center of the cell.

Question 9

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 9

Modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids for secretion and internal use.

Question 10

Ribosome

Answer 10

Serves as the site for protein synthesis

Question 11

Carbohydrates

Answer 11

Sugar molecules

Question 12

Protein

Answer 12

a complex molecule made of smaller units called amino acids.

Proteins play many important roles in the body, including structural support, acting as enzymes (catalysts for chemical reactions), and transporting substance

Question 13

Fat or lipid

Answer 13

a type of nutrient that provides energy, helps absorb certain vitamins, and is crucial for cell structure and function

Question 14

Levels of Organization

Answer 14

Atom -> Molecule -> Organelle -> Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ System -> Organism

Question 15

4 Primary tissue types

Answer 15

Nervous, Muscle, Connective, Epithelial

Question 16

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 16

Acts as a barrier (skin)
Protects underlying structures
Permits passage for substances (nephrons in kidney)
Secreting Substances (mucous glands)
Absorbing substances (lining of small intestine)

Question 17

Connective Tissue

Answer 17

Bone, Tendons, and blood. held together by a solid or gel known as the matrix.

Question 18

Muscle Tissue

Answer 18

Skeletal muscle, muscles surrounding digestive tract, heart.

Question 19

Nervous Tissue

Answer 19

Brain, Nerves in sensory organs

Question 20

Osteocytes

Answer 20

Mature bone cell surrounded by bone matrix. (located in holes of the matrix called lacunae)

Question 21

Medial

Answer 21

Towards the midline of body
->|<-

Question 22

Superior (cephalic)

Answer 22

To top

Question 23

Inferior (caudal)

Answer 23

Bottom

Question 24

Proximal

Answer 24

Closer to core (center) of body

Question 25

Distal

Answer 25

Farther away from core

Question 26

Anterior

Answer 26

Front

Question 27

Posterior

Answer 27

Back

Question 28

Lateral

Answer 28

Away from midline of body <- | ->

Question 29

Supine

Answer 29

Laying face upward

Question 30

Prone

Answer 30

Lying face downwards

Question 31

Sagittal

Answer 31

Divides body into left and right portions

Question 32

Frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 32

Divides body into anterior and posterior sections

Question 33

Transverse

Answer 33

Horizontal - Divides body into superior and inferior sections

Question 34

Oblique

Answer 34

Diagonal view

Question 35

Planes through an organ: Longitudinal

Answer 35

Cut along the length of the organ

Question 36

Planes through an organ: Transverse

Answer 36

Cross, cut at a right angle to the length of the organ

Question 37

Planes through an organ: Oblique

Answer 37

Diagonal