Chapter 1-4 Flashcards
1
Q
Primary organic component
A
Urea
2
Q
Average daily urine output
A
1200ml
3
Q
Primary inorganic component
A
Chloride
4
Q
Nucleic acid breakdown in foods and cells
A
Uric acid
5
Q
Decrease in urine output
A
Oliguria
6
Q
Cessation of urine flow
A
Anuria
7
Q
Increase urine output on night
A
Nocturia
8
Q
Increase in daily urine output
A
Polyuria
9
Q
Recommended capacity of urine
A
50ml
10
Q
Urine specimen needed
A
12ml
11
Q
Proper container for urine
A
Screw-top lid
Wide mouth
Flat bottom
12
Q
Preservation that does not interfere with chemical test
A
Refrigeration
13
Q
Preservation that prevents bacterial growth and metabolism
A
Boric acid
14
Q
Preserves sediment in urine
A
Formalin
15
Q
Preservative for drug analysis
A
Sodium flouride
16
Q
For routine screening
A
Random specimen
17
Q
For pregnancy test and orthostatic protein
A
First morning specimen
18
Q
For quantitative chemical test
A
24-hour specimen
19
Q
For bacterial culture
A
Catheterized
20
Q
For routine and bacterial culture
A
Midstream clean catch
21
Q
For bladder urine and cytology
A
Suprapubic aspiration
22
Q
For prostatic infection
A
Three-glass collection
23
Q
Nephron component
A
Juxtamedullary
Cortical nephron
24
Q
Kidney’s functional unit
A
Nephron
25
Its function is to concentrate urine
Juxtamedullary
26
Its function is to remove waste and reabsorption
Cortical nephron
27
Increased specific gravity
Decrease insulin
Increase glucose
Diabetes mellitus
28
Decrease specific gravity
| Decrease prod of ADH
Diabetes insipidus
29
It is produced by kidney
Urine
30
4 clearance test
Creatinine
Beta2-microglobulin
Cystatin C
Radioisotopes
31
Specific gravity of the final urine product
1.010
32
It measures only the number of particles in a solution
Osmolality
33
Two major function of tubular secretion
Eliminating waste products
Acid-base balance
34
Prevents excessive reabsorption of water in medulla through the ascending loop of henle
Countercurrent mechanism
35
Movement of molecules across a membrane as a result of electrical potential on opposite sides of the membrane
Passive transport
36
The substance to be reabsorbed must combine with a carrier protein which transfers the substance across the cell
Active transport
37
Substance/s absorbed by PCT
```
Glucose
Amino acid
Sodium
Water
Urea
```
38
Substance/s absorbed by DCT
Sodium
39
Component of juxtaglomerular apparatus
Juxtaglomerular cells
| Macula densa
40
Maintains the glomerular blood pressure at a relatively constant rate regardless of fluctuations in blood pressure
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
41
Endothelial cells of the capillary wall have pores
Fenestrated
42
Further restriction of large molecules occurs as the filtrate passes through the basement membrane and the thin membranes covering the filtration slits formed
Podocytes
43
Repels the molecules with a postive charge even though they are small enough to pass the 3 layers of the barrier
Shield of negativity
44
An enzyme produced by the juxtaglomerular cells
Renin
45
Established the standard precaution
CDC
| OSHA
46
Class A extinguisher
Water
47
Class B extinguisher
Dry chemicals
| Foam
48
Class C extinguisher
Dry chemical
| No foam
49
ABC extinguisher
Dry chemicals only
50
Class K extinguisher
Liquid designed to prevent splashing
51
Class A fire
Wood
Paper
Clothing
52
Class B fire
Flammable organic chemicals
53
Class C fire
Electrical
54
Class D fire
Conbustible metals
55
Class K fire
Grease
Oil
Fats
56
PASS
Pull pin
Aim at the base of the fire
Squeeze handle
Sweep nozzle from side to side
57
RACE
Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish/Evacuate
58
Disinfection used in the sink
1:5 dilution of SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE
59
All body fluids and moist body substances to be potentially infectious
BSI - Body Substance Isolation
60
All patients are considered to be possible carriers of blood-borne pathogens
Universal precaution
61
Aromatic odor
Normal
62
Ammonia-like
Bacterial decomposition
63
Fruity, sweet
Ketones
64
Maple syrup
Maple syrup urine disease
| MSUD
65
Mousy odor
Phenylketonuria
66
Rancid
Tyrosinemia
67
Sweaty feet odor
Isovaleric acidemia
68
Cabbage odor
Methionine malabsorption
69
Bleach
Contamination
70
Colligative properties
Freezing point
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
Osmotic pressure
71
Principle: refractive index
Refractometry
72
Principle: changes in colligative properties by particle number
Osmolality
73
Principle: pk changes of a polyelectrolyte by ions present
Reagent strips
74
Correction of glucose
0.004 per glucose(gram)
75
Correction for protein
0.003 per protein (gram)
76
How to calibrate refractometer
Use distilled water and read 1.000
77
Clarity - no visible particulates
Clear
78
Clarity - few particulates, print easily seen through
Hazy
79
Clarity - many particulates, print blurred through
Cloudy
80
Clarity - print cannot be seen
Turbid
81
May precipitate or be clotted
Milky
82
SG
Above 1.010
1.010
Below 1.010
Hypersthenuric
Isosthenuric
Hyposthenuric
83
Colorless urine
Recent fluid consumption
84
Pigment present in urine
Urochrome
85
Pale yellow urine
Polyuria
| Diabetes insipidus/mellitus
86
Dark yellow urine
Concentrated specimen
87
Yellow foam when shaken
Bilirubin (dark yellow)
88
Negative bile result
| Possible green flourescence
Acriflavine (Dark yellow)
89
Orange-yellow
Phenazopyridine (drug)
90
Yellow-green color
Bilirubin oxidized to biliverdin (acidic urine)
91
Green color urine
Pseudomonas infection
92
Blue-green
Amitriptyline - antidepressant
Methocarbamol - muscle relaxant
Clorets
Methylene blue - fistulas
93
Pink color urine
RBC (cludy urine)
94
Red color urine
Hemoglobin (clear urine)
| Rifampin (tb medication)
95
Portwine color urine
Porphyrins (cloudy with rbc)
96
Red-brown
Myoglobin
97
Brown color urine
Homogentisic acid
98
Black colored urine
```
Malignant myeloma
Melanin
Phenol derivatives
Argyrol
Levodopa
```
99
Fresh brown color urine
Glomerular bleeding
100
Other pigments of urine
Uroerythrin
| Urobilin
101
Blue alkaline
Yellow acid
102
Color indicator of reagent strip
Bromthymol blue
