Chapter 1

Question 1

The first center of the Spanish empire in America

Answer 1

Was the island of Hispaniola

Question 2

What motivated the Portuguese to begin exploration to find a water route to India, China, and the East Indies?

Answer 2

To eliminate the Muslim “middlemen” in the luxury goods trade

Question 3

Far more important to most Indian societies than freedom as personal independence were all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 3

Secure rights to owning land

Question 4

In Europe on the eve of colonization, one conception of freedom, called “Christian liberty,”

Answer 4

Mingled ideas of freedom with servitude to Jesus Christ- Concepts that were seen as mutually reinforcing

Question 5

The city situated along the Mississippi River with between 10,000 and 30,000 residents in the year 12000 is today known as?

Answer 5

Cahokia

Question 6

Which statement about the indians about the indians of North West is FALSE?

Answer 6

Indians lacked genuine religion

Question 7

Under English law in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, women…

Answer 7

Surrendered their legal identities when they married

Question 8

Which of the following is true of Spain’s explorations of the New World?

Answer 8

Florida was the first region in the present-day U.S. that Spain colonized

Question 9

Which one of the following is true of religion in seventeenth-century Europe?

Answer 9

Religious uniformity was though to be essential to public order

Question 10

What role did religion play in Columbus’s explorations?

Answer 10

Catholics in Spain and Italy supported his expeditions they wanted to end Muslim control of the eastern trade.

Question 11

Acoma was an Indian city in present day ______ that the spanish destroyed

Answer 11

New Mexico

Question 12

Alarmed by the destructiveness of the conquistadores, the Spanish crown replaced them with a more stable system of government headed by?

Answer 12

Lawyers and bureaucrats

Question 13

Which one of the following statements about African slavery within Africa is FALSE?

Answer 13

Only men were taken for the slave trade

Question 14

What geographic error did Columbus make?

Answer 14

He grossly underestimated the size of the earth

Question 15

Europeans- particularly the English, French, and Ducth-generally claimed North American Indian land as their own based on?

Answer 15

Their view that indians did not used the land properly

Question 16

The ritual sacrifices practiced by the Aztecs

Answer 16

Disgusted Europeans despite their own practices of publicly executing executing criminals and burning witches at the stake

Question 17

How did Spain justify enslaving Native Americans?

Answer 17

The Spanish believed that enslavement could liberate Native Americans from their backwardness and savagery and introduce them to Christian civilization

Question 18

According to Bartolome de Las Casas

Answer 18

Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent people in the New World

Question 19

Which European city was known in the early seventeenth century as a haven for persecuted Protestants from all over Europe and even for Jews fleeing Spain?

Answer 19

Amsterdam

Question 20

Exploring the North American interior in the 1500’s, _____ was the first European to encounter the immense herds of buffalo that roamed the Great Plains

Answer 20

Francisco Vasquez do Coronado

Question 21

Native American religious ceremonies

Answer 21

Were related to the Native American belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and inanimate things

Question 22

Europeans tened to think which one of the following about Native Americans and their cultures?

Answer 22

Native Americans failed to make use of the land, so it was acceptable for Europeans to take it and use it

Question 23

Which statement about gender relations is FALSE for most Native Americans societies?

Answer 23

Tribal leaders were almost always women

Question 24

Which one of the following was NOT true of women in Native American societies?

Answer 24

Women made all decisions about trade relations with other tribes

Question 25

Before the arrival of Columbus, Native North Americans

Answer 25

Had elaborate trade networks

Question 26

Which statement about the Pueblo Revolt is FALSE?

Answer 26

It was inspired by the Pope, but he died before the actual revolt took place

Question 27

In 1517, the German priest _______ began the Protestant Reformation by posting his Ninety-Five Theses, which accused the Catholic Church of worldliness and corruption

Answer 27

Martin Luther

Question 28

The Spanish set up outposts from Florida to South Carolina in part because...

Answer 28

Spanish missionaries hoped to convert local Native Americans to Christianity

Question 29

How did Native Americans conceive of property?

Answer 29

Families might use a specific plot of land for a season

Question 30

Which one of the following is true of Spanish emigrants to the New World?

Answer 30

Many of the early arrivals came to direct Native American labor

Question 31

In 1492, the Native American population

Answer 31

Lived mostly in Central and South America

Question 32

Which European country dominated international commerce in the early seventeenth century

Answer 32

The Netherlands

Question 33

Which of the following was NOT a technique that Spanish conquistadores used to conquer Native American empires?

Answer 33

Negotiating treaties

Question 34

Portuguese trading posts along the western coast of Africa were called factories because

Answer 34

The merchants were known as factors

Question 35

The Jesuit religious order was particularly influential in?

Answer 35

New France

Question 36

In approximately 7000 BCE, agriculture developed in the Americas in?

Answer 36

Mexico and Peru

Question 37

Which one of the following lists the events in proper chronological order, from first to last?

Answer 37

Spain adopts New Laws, Quebec founded, the Dutch settle Manhattan, Pueblo Revolt

Question 38

In 1519, who became the first European explorer to encounter the Aztec empire?

Answer 38

Hernan Cortes

Question 39

In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded

Answer 39

Quebec

Question 40

Adam Smith recorded in 1776 that the "two greatest and most important" events in the history of mankind were the?

Answer 40

Discovery of America and the Portuguese sea route around Africa to Asia

Question 41

How did the Dutch manifest their devotion to liberty?

Answer 41

They supported tolerance in religious matters in their colony

Question 42

The transatlantic flow of people and goods such as corn, potatoes, horses, and sugarcane is called?

Answer 42

The Columbian Exchange

Question 43

How did French involvement in the fur trade change life for Native Americans?

Answer 43

The French were willing to accept Native Americans into colonial society

Question 44

Which one of the following was true of French relations with Native Americans?

Answer 44

Jesuit missionaries tried to convert Native Americans, but gave them far more independence than did Spanish missionaries

Question 45

The Pueblo Indian uprising of 1680

Answer 45

Helped lead to the most complete victory for Native Americans over Europeans

Question 46

The Black Legend described

Answer 46

Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer

Question 47

The Pueblo Indians encountered by the Spanish in the 16th century

Answer 47

Used irrigation systems to aid their agricultural production

Question 48

Spanish Florida

Answer 48

Was little more than an isolated military settlement

Question 49

What does the seal of New Netherland, adopted by the Dutch West India Company in 1630, suggest is central to the colony's economic prospects?

Answer 49

Fur

Question 50

The Columbian Exchange was?

Answer 50

The transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World

Question 51

French Canada

Answer 51

Consisted mainly of male colonists

Question 52

Pueblo Indians lived in what is now

Answer 52

The southwestern US

Question 53

Before the transatlantic slave trade began, approximately 100,000 African slaves were transported between 1450 and 1500 to

Answer 53

Portugal and Spain

Question 54

"Coverture" refers to

Answer 54

A woman surrendering her legal identity when she marries

Question 55

The New Laws of 1542

Answer 55

Commanded that Indians no longer be enslaved in Spanish posesseions

Question 56

New France was characterized by?

Answer 56

More peaceful European-Indian relations than existed in New Spain

Question 57

The first French explorations of the New World

Answer 57

Were intended to locate the Northwest Passage

Question 58

John Cabot sailed to?

Answer 58

Newfoundland

Question 59

Which one of the following statements is true of the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan?

Answer 59

It had a complex system of canals, bridges, and dams, with the Great Temple at the center

Question 60

The reconquista was the reconquest of Spain from the?

Answer 60

Moors

Question 61

Which one of the following is true about Native Americans and material wealth?

Answer 61

Chiefs were expected to share some of their goods rather than hoard them

Question 62

Why did European exploration of the New Would proceed so rapidly after Columbus's discoveries?

Answer 62

Gutenberg's invention of the printing enabled the rapid dissemination of information

Question 63

As governor of New Netherland, Petrus Stuyvesant

Answer 63

Refused to open practice of religion by Quakers and Lutherans

Question 64

In England, social inequality

Answer 64

Was part of a hierarchical society

Question 65

Patroonship in New Netherland

Answer 65

Meant that shareholders received large estates for transporting tenants for agricultural labor

Question 66

As early as 1615, the ______ people of present day southern Ontario and upper New York State forged a trading alliance with the French, and many of them converted to Catholicism

Answer 66

Huron

Question 67

As colonization began, the European idea of freedom

Answer 67

Included the idea of abandoning sin to embrace the teachings of Jesus Christ

Question 68

Both the Aztec and inca empires were?

Answer 68

Large, wealthy, and sophisticated

Question 69

Which statement about New Netherland is FALSE?

Answer 69

Women had many liberties, but could not retain their legal identity after marriage

Question 70

When Europeans arrived, many Native Americans

Answer 70

Tried to use them to enhance their standing with other Native Americans

Question 71

The government of the Spanish empire in America

Answer 71

Included local officials who held a great deal of control

Question 72

The Spanish justified their claim to land in the New World through all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 72

Defeating the English fleet in 1588

Question 73

Which one of the following is true of agriculture in Spanish America?

Answer 73

Spain introduced wheat as a crop

Question 74

The first permanent European settlement in the Southwest, established in 1610, was?

Answer 74

Santa Fe

Question 75

Bartolome de Las Casas argued that Indians

Answer 75

Should enjoy "all guarantees of liberty and justice" as subjects of Spain

Question 76

Amerigo Vespucci

Answer 76

Helped to correct Columbus's theory that he had found a route to Asia

Question 77

Henry Hudson

Answer 77

Hoped to find the Northwest Passage to Asia

Question 78

Which of the following is true of freedom in New Netherland?

Answer 78

Married women retained a legal identity separate from that of their husbands

Question 79

Slavery in Africa

Answer 79

Involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors, and war captives

Question 80

Which one of the following statements about Spanish America is true?

Answer 80

Over time, Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture-part Spanish, part Indian, and, in some areas, part African

Question 81

The repartimiento system established by the Spanish in the mid-1500s

Answer 81

Recognized Indians as free but required them to perform a fixed amount of labor

Question 82

In their relations with Native Americans, the Dutch

Answer 82

Concentrated more on economics than religious conversion

Question 83

Which one of the following is true of New France?

Answer 83

Its population was limited at best, because France feared that a significant emigration would undermine its role as a great European power

Question 84

The Spanish empire in America

Answer 84

Was unlike the French and English New World empires, a mostly urban civilization