Chapter 1 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is sociology?
The systematic study of human society and social interaction.
Why study sociology?
Sociolgy helps us see the complex connections between our own lives and the larger, recurring patterns of the society and world in which we live.
What is a society?
A large social grouping that shares the same geographicla territort and is subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.
What is global interdependance?
A relationship in which the lives of all people are intertwined closely and anyone nation’s problems are part of a larger global problem.
What does sociological research often reveal?
The limitations of myths associated with commonsense knowledge that guides ordinary conduct in everyday life.
According to sociologist C. Wright Mills, what is sociological imagination?
It enables us to distinguish between personal troubls and public issues.
What is the importance of a global sociological imagination?
It enables us to distinguish among the worl’s high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries.
What is industrialization?
The process by which societies are transformed from dependencew on agriculture and handmade products to an emphasis on manufacturing and rlated industries.
What is urbanization?
The process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities rather than rural areas contributed to teh development of sociological thinking.
Who is Auguste Comte?
He coined the term sociology and stressed the importance of postivism.
What is positivism?
A belief that the world can best be understood through scientific inquiry.
What is Harriet Martineau’s most influentail work?
Society in America (in which she paid special attention to U.S. diversity based on race, class, and gender.
Who is Herbert Spencer?
He used an evolutionary perspective to explain stability and change in societies. He supported Social Darwinism.
What is social Sarwinism?
“Survival of the fittest”
According to Emile Durkheim what are social facts?
Patterned ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that exist outside any one individual and exert social control over each person.
What is anomie?
A condition in which social control becomes ineffective as a result of the loss of shared values and of a sense of purpose in society.
Who is Karl Marx?
Believed that conflict espesially class conflict is inevitable.
Who is Max Weber?
Concerned with the growth of large-scale organizations is reflected in his work on bureaucracy.
Who is Georg Simmel?
He emphasized that society is best seen as a web of patterned interactions among people.
Who are Robert E. Park and George Herbert Mead?
Influentail early members of the faculty
Who is Jane Addams?
Wrote Hull-House Maps and Papers, which as used by other Chicago sociologists for the next fourty years.
Whos is W.E.B. Du Bois?
Founded the second U.S. department of sociology at Atlanta University and wrote the Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study, examining Philadelphia’s African AMerican community.
What is a theory?
A set of logically interrelated statements that attempts to describe, explain, and (occasionally) predict social events.
What are functionalist perspectives?
Based on the assumption that society is a stable orderly system characterized by societal consensus.
