Chapter 3 Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is socalization?
The lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society.
What is sociobiology?
The systematic study of how biology affects behavior.
What is ID?
Sigmund Freud’s term for the component of personality that includes all of the individual’s basic biological drives and needs that demand immediate gratification.
What is ego?
According to Sigmund Freud, the rational reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on the innate pleasure-seeking drives of the ID.
What is the superego?
Sigmund Freud’s term for the conscience, consisting of the moral and ehtical apsects of personality.
What is self-concept?
The totality of our belifs and feelings about ourselves.
What is looking-glass self?
Charles Horton Cooley’s term for the way in which a person’s sense of self is derived from the percetions of others.
What is role-taking?
The process by which a person mentally assumes the role of another person in order to understand the wold from that person’s pont of view.
What is generalized other?
George Herbert Mead’s term for the child’s awareness of the demands and expectations of the society as a whole or of the child’s subculture.
What are agents of socialization?
The persons, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate iin society.
What is a peer group?
A group of people who are linked by common interests, equal social position, and usually similar age.
What is mass media?
Large-scale organizations that use print or electronic means (such as radio, television, film, and the internet) to communicate with large numbers of people.
What is gender socialization?
The aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a specific group or society.
What is racial socialization?
The aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of one’s racial or ethic status.
What is anticipatory socialization?
The process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future goals.
What is social devaluation?
A situation in which a person or group is considered to have less social value than other individuals or groups.
What is ageism?
Prejudice and discrimination against people on the basis of age, particularly agaisnt older people.
What is resocialization?
The process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and behaviors from those in one’s background and experience.
What is total institution?
Erving Goffman’s term for a place whare people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who run the institution.
