Chapter 1-5 review

Question 1

what are the 5 themes of biology?

Answer 1

order, evolution, interaction between organisms, homeostasis, structure and function of cells

Question 2

what is biology?

Answer 2

the scientific study of life

Question 3

what does the organization theme talk about?

Answer 3

highlights the hierarchy of biological organization

Question 4

what do all living things have in common?

Answer 4

macromolecule, cells, respond to the environment, extraction of energy, reproduce, maintain homeostasis, evolution (natural selection)

Question 5

what is the biological hierarchy?

Answer 5

biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organisms, tissues, cell, organelles molecules, atoms

Question 6

what is structure?

Answer 6

structure helps gives us clues to what it does and how it works

Question 7

what will knowing the function help with?

Answer 7

provides insight into structure and organization

Question 8

what characteristic do cells share

Answer 8

cell membrane and the membrane regulates what does in and out of the membrane

Question 9

where are prokaryotic cells found?

Answer 9

bacteria and archaea

Question 10

what is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 10

membrane enclosed organelles and some contain DNA

Question 11

what is the lowest level of organization that can perform activitites required for life?

Answer 11

cell

Question 12

what are emergent properties?

Answer 12

a result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system

Question 13

what else do emergent properties characterize and what is an example?

Answer 13

nonbiological entities as well

for example: a functioning bicycle emerges only when the necessary parts connect in the correct way

Question 14

what are the characteristics of eukaryotic cell

Answer 14

large, contains DNA, membrane enclosed organelles, found in almost everything, more complex

Question 15

what are the characteristics of Prokaryotic cells

Answer 15

doesn’t contain dna, smaller, no membrane enclosed organelles

Question 16

what is a negative feedback mechanism?

Answer 16

the product decreases the reaction

example: can block a step

Question 17

what is a positive feedback mechanism

Answer 17

the product increases the reaction

example: stimulates a step

Question 18

what is a gene?

Answer 18

functional unit of herdity

Question 19

what helps DNA store information?

Answer 19

the structure of DNA (arranged in a double helix)

Question 20

what are the chemical building blocks of DNA

Answer 20

A,T,C,G

Question 21

what do nucleotides do?

Answer 21

encode the infomration in genes

Question 22

what is gene expression

Answer 22

information from a gene is used to make a cellular product

Question 23

what determines differences between organisms

Answer 23

the difference in nucleotide sequences

Question 24

what provides the blueprint for making proteins

Answer 24

the sequence of genes

Question 25

what is genetic code?

Answer 25

the instructions in a gene that tell the cell how to make a specific protein

Question 26

what are the different kingdoms?

Answer 26

bacteria, archaea, protist, Animalia, plantae, fungi

Question 27

what are the levels of classification

Answer 27

kindgom, phylum class, order, family, genus, species

Question 28

who wrote the origin of species?

Answer 28

charles darwin and it was the most influential book in evolution

Question 29

what is a theory?

Answer 29

explanation of a natural phenonmena

Question 30

what is a scientific law?

Answer 30

description of an observed phenomena

Question 31

what were Charles darwin's main points

Answer 31

-species showed evidence of descent with modification from common ancestors

Question 32

what is descent with modification?

Answer 32

species over time give rise to new species and they are all connected by a common ancestor

Question 33

what did darwin's theory explain?

Answer 33

the duality of unity and diversity

Question 34

what unifies organisms?

Answer 34

DNA

Question 35

what are homologous structures?

Answer 35

similar anatomy that links to a common ancestor but different functions

Question 36

what are embryological homologies?

Answer 36

most embryos look similar in earlier stages which can show a link to a common ancestor

Question 37

what is molecular homology?

Answer 37

similarities of patterns in the nucleotide sequence of DNA to show a sign of a common ancestor

Question 38

what did darwin observe?

Answer 38

individuals in a population vary in trails that are heritable 2. ) more offspring are produced than survive and there is competition 3. ) species suit their environment

Question 39

what is a genome

Answer 39

a library of genetic information

Question 40

what requires work?

Answer 40

energy

Question 41

what is a producer?

Answer 41

an organism that makes its own food

Question 42

what is a consumer?

Answer 42

an organism that consumes other organisms

Question 43

what happens as a result of work?

Answer 43

energy being used will be released as heat

Question 44

how does energy flow through an ecosystem?

Answer 44

flows in one direction, enters in as light, and exits as heat

Question 45

how do chemicals flow through an ecosystem?

Answer 45

used then recycled broken down by decomposers

Question 46

what is feedback regulation?

Answer 46

the output of a process regulates that very process

Question 47

what is the most common feedback regulation

Answer 47

negative feedback

Question 48

what is an example of a positive feedback mechanism

Answer 48

blood clotting when you are injured the platelets release chemicals to alert other platelets to come near the injury site

Question 49

what is an example of a negative feedback

Answer 49

when your body gets too hot you start to sweat

Question 50

what is evolution?

Answer 50

species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments

Question 51

what are the 3 domains of life

Answer 51

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Question 52

what do the bacteria and archaea domain consist of?

Answer 52

single-celled prokaryotic organisms

Question 53

what is the eukarya domain

Answer 53

subgroups: plantae, fungi, protists, Animalia

Question 54

when does evolution occur?

Answer 54

unequal reproductive success of individuals leads to adaptation to their environment