Chapter 1

Question 1

relying on or derived from observation, experimentation, or measurement

Answer 1

empirical

Question 2

the discipline concerned with behaviour and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment

Answer 2

psychology

Question 3

the ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgements on the basis of well supported reasons and evidence, rather than emotion or anecdote

Answer 3

critical thinking

Question 4

the principle of choosing the solution that accounts for the most evidence while making the fewest unverified assumptions

Answer 4

Occam’s razor

Question 5

the now discredited theory that different brain areas account for specific character and personality traits, which can be “read” from bumps on the skull.

Answer 5

phenology

Question 6

an early psychological approach that emphasized the analysis of immediate experience into basic elements

Answer 6

structuralism

Question 7

an early psychological approach that emphasized the function or purpose of behaviour and consciousness

Answer 7

functionalism

Question 8

a theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy, originally formulated by Sigmund Freud, that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts

Answer 8

psychoanalysis

Question 9

a psychological approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions, feelings and thoughts

Answer 9

biological perspective

Question 10

a field of psychology emphasizing evolutionary mechanisms that may help explain commonalities in cognition, development, emotion and social practices and other areas of behaviour

Answer 10

evolutionary perspective

Question 11

a psychological approach that emphasizes how the environment and experience affect a person or animals actions; it includes behaviourism and social cognitive learning theories

Answer 11

learning perspective

Question 12

an approach to psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behaviour and the role of the environment as a determinant of behaviour

Answer 12

behaviourism

Question 13

a psychological approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception, memory, problem solving, language, and other areas

Answer 13

cognitive perspective

Question 14

a psychological approach that emphasizes social and cultural influences on behaviour

Answer 14

sociocultural perspective

Question 15

a psychological approach that emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces, conflicts or the movement of instinctual energy

Answer 15

psychodynamic perspective

Question 16

a psychological approach that emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of human potential rather than the scientific understanding and assessment of behaviour

Answer 16

humanist psychology

Question 17

a psychological approach that analyzes the influence of social inequalities on gender relations and on the behaviour of the two sexes

Answer 17

feminist psychology

Question 18

providing health or mental health services

Answer 18

psychological practices

Question 19

the study of psychological issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake rather than for its practical application

Answer 19

basic psychology

Question 20

the study of psychological issues that have direct practical significance, also, the application of psychological findings

Answer 20

applied psychology

Question 21

unregulated person who does any kind of psychotherapy

Answer 21

psychotherapist

Question 22

a person who practices psychoanalysis, and who has obtained specialized training at a psychoanalytic institute and undergone extensive psychoanalysis personally

Answer 22

psychoanalyst

Question 23

a medical doctor, who has completed a three year residency in psychiatry to learn how to diagnose and treat mental disorders under the supervision of more experiences physicians

Answer 23

psychiatrist