Chapter 1 Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is child development ?
- Age changes in children’s characteristic
- Systematic
- Successive (changes build on each other)
- Multifaceted
Reasons for studying childhood development ? (3 reasons)
- Learning how to be a good parent
- Choosing Social Policies
- Understanding human nature
Psychodynamic
&Limitations
- 1st major theory of child development
- Unconscious mental forces
- Early childhood experiences
- Role of the unconscious
Limitations
- Inadequacy of evidence
- Sexism
- Lack of testability
Behaviourism
- Change in behaviour is due to individual experience in a specific environment
- Learn behaviours that are rewarded
- Avoid behaviour that is punished
Bandura
- observational learning and reinforcing
Thinking and reasoning
Cognitive Development
Observed his own kids
Observed changes in all forms of thinking &reasoning
Child is active participant
Series of changes of development (universal)
Move through stages to adapt to the environment
Ecological Perspective
- focuses on environment the child develops
- Micro = family
- Meso=home/school
- Exo= tv/media
- Macro=culture/shared beliefs
- chrono= time we grew up
7 Questions
- Nature or Nurture ?
- Passive or Active ?
- Continuity vs Discontinuity
- How do these changes occur ?
- What role does the socio-cultural context play?
- How are children so different ?
- How can research promote children’s well being ?
Measurement
A set of rules for assigning numbers to objects , representing quantities of attributes
Research Methods (5 types)
- Behavioural Observation
- Verbal Reports (interviews,questionnaires ,children, parents)
- Case studies
- Ethnology (specific group)
- Psychophysiological methods
Reliability
Validity
- precision of measurement
- accuracy of measurement
Research Designs (6 of them)
- Experimental Designs
- Correlational Designs
- Cross Sectional Ex: if kids in grade 1 have diff ideas about friendship then kids in grade 5
- Longitudinal Ex: interview kids when they’re in grade 5 then when they’re in grade 8
- Sequential Ex: different ages kids (grade 1,3,5) then interview them years later (grade 3,5,7)
- Micro-genetic design Ex: in depth look at a specific point in time (puberty)
Evaluating Research
- Self report data
- Sample Size
- Experimental Bias
- Sampling Bias
Ethical Issues in Studying Children
Protection from Harm
Informed consent
Confidentiality
Deception and debriefing
