Chapter 3 Flashcards
(11 cards)
Turners Syndrome
Missing an X chromosome
1-4/10,000 deaths
Genetically female but sterile
Normal IQ, poor visual spatial ability
Kleinfelter Syndrome
XXY
5-20/10,000 births
Genetically male, above average height , sterile , lack of secondary sex characteristics
Average IQ , weaker language development
Fragile X
One X chromosome has a pinched area
Male or female
More difficulty for males as they don’t have a second X
Intellectual impairment, behaviour problems in males and fewer in females
Autosomal Recessive
Inherit recessive allele from both parents
Ex: PKU
- Absence of enzyme that breaks down phenylaline
1 in 10,000
Severe intellectual impairment if untreated
Autosomal Dominant
Only need to inherit 1 allele from either parent
Ex ; huntingtons disease
Recessive genes on the X chromosome
- sex linked
Ex : hemophilia
Autosomal Recessive
Sickle cell anemia
- cells with low capacity to carry oxygen
- common in groups who immigrated from countries with malaria
- weakness in joints and abdomen extremely painful need continuous medical attention
Gene - Environment Correlations
- Passive : child simply in environment
- Evocative : child changes Environment by natural behaviour
- Active - niche picking child is choosing what kind of environment they want to be in
Principles of Physical Development
- Cephalocaudal
- From the head, downwards - Proximodistal
- From the torso, outwards - Differentiation
- Physical responses;from global to specific
Age changes in physical development
Infants (3-12 months)
- onset of smiling
- bones harden
- ability to reach and grasp
Toddlerhood (12-30 months)
- New form of locomotion= get into everything
- Slow down in growth
Preschoolers (2.5-5 years)
-Body proportions change
Adolescence
- biological state and sub-culture
- Pubertal development
Influences on Physical Growth
1.Heredity
2.Catch up growth (canalizations)
3.Malnutrition
4.SES
5. Emotional stress /lack of affection
“Failure to thrive Syndrome”
