Chapter 1 Flashcards
(110 cards)
- the scientific study of human behavior and the social context in which it occurs
- also studies group behavior in society
- tend to study people at the group level and at the aggregate level in society
- focuses on group behavior and societal behavior
sociology
family, religion,, education, government, politics, sport, economy, health care, military, criminal justice and so forth and how these ______ affect people.
social institutions
coined (invented) the term sociological imagination
C. Wright Mills
the ability to identify the societal patterns that influence individual and group life.
sociological imagination
are personal problems that are based in events or emotions in an individual’s life.
troubles
affect large numbers of people and are based in the history and institutional arrangements of a society.
issues
sociology is an _____ discipline, where rigorous methods of research are used to investigate everyday life, and the conclusions must be based on careful systematic observations, rather than previous assumptions or “common sense”
- do research by going to the field ans conducting own research
empirical discipline
____ ____ used the term debunking
peter berger
myths to refer to the role that sociology plays in looking beyond what is typically seen in everyday life
debunking
where did sociology first emerge?
in western Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries
funding country of sociology
france
known as the Age of Reason, strongly influenced the development of sociology. The _______’s faith in the ability of human reason to solve society’s problems by identifying natural social laws and processes was strongly linked to the development of modern science.
enlightenment
(Q. 50) _______, a system of thought in which accurate observation and description is considered the highest form of knowledge, was another concept that emerged at this time and influenced the development of sociology
positivism
________, based on the principle that human reason can successfully direct social action for the improvement of society, contributed to the emphasis on social reform in the discipline of sociology
humanitarianism
_______, or a belief in practically, led sociologist to value social planning. There was an emphasis on identifying the causes of social problems and developing strategies to improve them.
(more practical/hands on)
pragmatism
______ were more pragmatic than europeans.
meaning they were more applied
Americans
used Charles Darwin’s theory of biological evolution to analyze social evolution or change
Social Darwinism
______ _______: or the use of sociological research and theory in solving human problems, is based on the work of early activist who identified urbanization and industrialization as the cause of many social problems
(those with material item are more likely to survive)
applied sociology
school who used human labs for research
“chicago school” - University of Chicago
believed that an individual’s identity is based on his/her understanding of how others perceive them
Charles Horton Cooley
extended Cooley’s idea by investigating how individuals develop through the relationships they establish with others
George Herbert Mead
social psychology, as a discipline developed at the _____ of Chicago
University
used Chicago as a lab to investigate social problems. He identified the concept known as the “definition of the situation.”
W.I. Thomas
“if men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences.” This principle argued that social influences were so great that people behave according to what they think is true, even with evidence to the contrary.
definition of the situation
