Chapter 1

Question 1

chromosomes

Answer 1

the self-replicating genetic structures of cells containing the DNA that carries in its nucleotide sequence the linear array of genes

Question 2

genome

Answer 2

the sum total of genetic in a particular cell or organism

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

deoxyribonucleic acid; the molecule of heredity that encodes genetic information

Question 4

RNA

Answer 4

ribonucleic acid; polymer of ribonucleotides found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells; it plays an important role in protein synthesis. Class of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA)

Question 5

central dogma

Answer 5

the flow of genetic information in a cell
DNA -> mRNA -> protein
replication > transcription > translation

Question 6

alleles

Answer 6

alternative forms of a single gene

Question 7

law of independent assortment

Answer 7

Mendel’s second law, states that during gamete formation, different pairs of alleles (genes) segregate independently of each other.

Question 8

law of segregation

Answer 8

Mendel’s first law, states that the two alleles for each trait separate (segregate) during gamete formation and then unite at random, one from each parent, at fertilization

Question 9

phenotype

Answer 9

an observable characteristic

Question 10

genotype

Answer 10

the actual alleles present in an individual

Question 11

testcross

Answer 11

a cross used to determine the genotype of an individual showing a dominant phenotype by mating with an individual showing the recessive phenotype