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A&P1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

(110 cards)

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1
Q

Types of planes

A 
Sagittal 
Midsagittal (median)(midline)
Parasagittal
Frontal (coronal)
Transverse (cross sectional)(horizontal)(transumbilical)
Oblique
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2
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Vertical - right and left sides

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3
Q

Midsagittal plane
Median
Midline

A

Passes through midline - equal left and right sides

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4
Q

Parasagittal plane

A

Parallel line - unequal left and right sides

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5
Q

Frontal plane

Coronal

A

Anterior and posterior portions

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6
Q

Transverse plane
Cross sectional
Transumbilical
Horizontal

A

Superior and inferior portions

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7
Q

Oblique plane

A

Any angle other than 90 degrees

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8
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavity

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9
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Contains pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, mediastinum

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10
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Holds brain, formed by skull

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11
Q

Ventral body cavities

A

Contains Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

Organs called viscera, organs covered with serous membrane

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12
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

Contains Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

Meninges line dorsal cavity

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13
Q

Vertebral cavity

A

Contains Spinal cord, formed by vertebral column

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14
Q

Abdominopelvic regions

A 
Right hypochondriac region
Right lumbar region
Right inguinal region
Epigastric region
Umbilical region
Hypogastric region
Left hypochondriac region
Left lumbar region
Left inguinal region
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15
Q

Abdominopelvic region lines

A

Subcostal
Transtubercular
Mudclavicular

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16
Q

Subcostal line

A

Top horizontal line, drawn just inferior to the rib cage, across the inferior portion of the stomach

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17
Q

Transtubercular line

A

Bottom horizontal line drawn just inferior to the tops of the hip bones

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18
Q

Midclavicular line

A

Two vertical lines, left and right, drawn through the midpoints of the clavicles, just medial to the nipples

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19
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head, upper part of a structure

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20
Q

Inferior

A

Away from the head, lower part of a structure

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21
Q

Anterior

A

Nearer to or at the front of the body

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22
Q

Posterior

A

Nearer to or at the back of the body

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23
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to the midline

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24
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from the midline

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25
Intermediate
Between 2 structures
26
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body as another structure
27
Contralateral
On the opposite side of the body from another structure
28
Systems of the human body
``` Endocrine Muscular Nervous Lymphatic Skeletal Urinary Reproductive Cardiovascular Integumentary Digestive Respiratory ```
29
Proximal
Nearer to the origination of a structure | Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk
30
Distal
Farther from the origination of a structure | Farther from attachment of a limb to the trunk
31
Cephalic - cranial
Toward the head upper part of a structure
32
Caudal
Away from the head lower part of a structure
33
Ventral
Nearer to or at the front of the body
34
Dorsal
Nearer to or at the back of the body
35
Superficial
External Toward or on the surface of the body
36
Deep
Internal Away from the surface of the body
37
6 life processes
``` Metabolism Responsiveness Movement Growth Differentiation Reproduction ```
38
Metabolism
All the biochemical reactions that occur within an organism
39
Catabolism
The breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components
40
Anabolism
The building up of complex chemical substances from smaller simpler components
41
Homeostasis
The state of relative stability of the body's internal environment
42
Stress
The mental and physical condition that occurs when a person must adjust or adapt to the environment
43
Anatomical levels of organization within the human body
``` Chemical -atoms & molecules Cell Tissue Organs System-organs work together with common function Organism-any living thing ```
44
Anatomical position
Standing facing observer, eyes forward, feet flat and directed forward, upper limbs at side, palms facing forward
45
Supine position
Lying face up
46
Prone position
Lying face down
47
Trunk
Includes chest abdomen & pelvis
48
Membrane
Thin pliable tissue that covers lines partitions or connects structures
49
Mucous membrane
Lining a space that opens to the outside Example oral cavity
50
Serous membrane
Lines a body cavity that does not directly open to the exterior and it converts the organs within the cavity
51
Layers of serous membrane
Parietal - lining cavity wall Visceral - adheres to organ
52
Pleura
Lining the thoracic cavity and covering the lungs
53
Pericardium
Lines chest wall and covers surface of the heart
54
Peritoneum
Covers abdominal visceras and lines the abdominal wall
55
Feedback loop system
Stimulus disrupts homeostasis by increasing or decreasing a controlled condition that is monitored by receptors that send input to a control center that provides output to effectors that bring about a change or response that alters the controlled condition
56
Negative feedback system
Reverses a change in a controlled condition
57
Positive feedback system
Strengthens or reinforces a change in a controlled condition
58
Cranial
Skull
59
Facial
Face
60
Head
Cephalic
61
Cervical
Neck
62
Axillary
Armpit
63
Arm
Brachial
64
Antecubital
Front of elbow
65
Antebrachial
Forearm
66
Carpal
Wrist
67
Palm
Palmar Volar
68
Fingers
Digital Phalangeal
69
Femoral
Thigh
70
Patellar
Anterior surface of the knee
71
Chest
Thoracic
72
Breast
Mammary
73
Umbilical
Navel
74
Coxal
Hip
75
Abdominal
Abdomen
76
Inguinal
Groin
77
Pelvic
Pelvis
78
Thumb
Pollex
79
Manual
Hand
80
Pubis
Pubic
81
Top of foot
Dorsum
82
Great toe
Hallux
83
Occipital
Base of skull
84
Shoulder
Acromial
85
Scapular
Shoulder blade
86
Spinal column
Vertebral
87
Olecranal | Cubital
Back of elbow
88
Between hips
Sacral
89
Tailbone
Coccygeal
90
Buttock
Gluteal
91
Loin
Lumbar
92
Region between anus and external genitals
Perineal
93
Hollow behind knee
Popliteal
94
Calf
Sural
95
Plantar
Sole of foot
96
Dorsum
Back of hand
97
Heel
Calcaneal
98
Crural
Leg
99
Tarsal
Ankle
100
Toes
Digital | Phalangeal
101
Pedal
Foot
102
Forehead
Frontal
103
Temporal
Temple
104
Eye
Orbital | Ocular
105
Ear
Otic
106
Cheek
Buccal
107
Nose
Nasal
108
Mouth
Oral
109
Chin
Mental
110
Breastbone
Sternal

A&P1 (2 decks)

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