Chapter 1

Question 1

define biological determinism

Answer 1

the view that people’s fates are determined entirely by their genetic/biological makeup, w/o any influence of social/environmental factors

Question 2

define ideology

Answer 2

a strategy, program/philosophy that justifies the goals of a mov’t

Question 3

define interaction

Answer 3

the processes by which and manner in which social actors relate to each other and try to meet expectations

Question 4

define macrosociological

Answer 4

involving the study of social institutions and larger social groups in society

Question 5

define negotiations

Answer 5

the methods ppl use in trying to make sense of and to one another

Question 6

what are 2 examples of negotiating between ppl?

Answer 6

• bargaining

- compromising

Question 7

define microsociology

Answer 7

the study of the processes/patterns of personal interaction that take place among ppl within groups

Question 8

define norms

Answer 8

rules/expectations made by society that dictate how we behave publicly

Question 9

what is patriarchy?

Answer 9

male dictated social or political system

Question 10

define performativity

Answer 10

the idea that certain social factors are socially constructed and it also creates attitudes towards something because of association

Question 11

what is a good example of performativity?

Answer 11

gender is socially constructed and we have certain things associated w/gender

Question 12

define positivism

Answer 12

a philosophical belief that any rational assertion can be proven scientifically

Question 13

define social institution

Answer 13

a kind of social structure made up of a number of relt’ps

Question 14

define social structure

Answer 14

any enduring, predictable pattern of social relations among ppl in society

Question 15

define society

Answer 15

the largest-scale human group, members interact w/one another, share common origins and share common institutions

Question 16

define socialogical imagination

Answer 16

an approach to sociology that attempts to relate personal experience to public issues and to the broader societal context which these experiences occur

Question 17

define sociology

Answer 17

the study of the patterned relations among humans, and of the social institutions ppl create

Question 18

define value system

Answer 18

a set of socially shared ideas of what a group/society considers good, right and desirable

Question 19

what’s functionalism?

Answer 19

• the optimist (Eric Formen)

- society is of interconnected parts what work together to preserve the overall stability and efficiency of the whole

Question 20

social institutions perform 2 functions according to Merton, what are they?

Answer 20

1. Manifest

2. Latent

Question 21

give an example of a manifest function

Answer 21

high school unintentionally created dating between students

Question 22

What are the 4 types of suicide attributed to INSANITY

Answer 22

1. insanity
2. melancholic
3. obsessive
4. Implusive

Question 23

what are the 3 MAIN types of suicide beside the 4 insane ones

Answer 23

1. ego; likely to occur when ppl fell out of the social group
2. Altruistic; motivated by a sense of duty, e.g. Japanese kamikaze pilots done in the interests of the great good
3. Anomic; if anyone think i’m still looking or that

Question 24

describe the theory of anomie

Answer 24

when society rapidly changes often from a closer community to a large urban society, social norms are weakened and individuals feel as if they can get away with bad things because “nobody will notice”

Question 25

what are social norms?

Answer 25

rules/expectations which society creates that dictate and individual's behaviour in social situations

Question 26

true or false: | functionalism is a microsociological approach

Answer 26

false it's macro because it studied large groups within society

Question 27

Scenario: a young man who grew up in a smaller community never stole from the local convenience store because he knew the owner and because everyone in town would find out. Now that he lives in the city, he doesn't see the harm in stealing a chocolate bar because he thinks nobody will notice. What is this an example of?

Answer 27

theory of anomie

Question 28

Scenario: a young boy in kindergarden picks his nose in front of his friends. His friends all scream and tell him he's gross. He never does it again. What is this an example of?

Answer 28

social norms

Question 29

what does conflict theory focus on? a) the unequal distribution of power, conflict and change which creates imbalance within society b) the bourgeoise vs proletariat c) the rich are stealing from the poor d) rich people are inhibiting the growth of poor people and should therefore be overthrown through revolution

Answer 29

a)

Question 30

fill in the blanks: Conflict theory views (blank) as a collection of varied groups that constantly (blank) with each other to dominate society and its institutions

Answer 30

- society | - struggle

Question 31

who are the two most influential contributors to conflict theory?

Answer 31

Marx and Weber

Question 32

who said that "power" is the most important concept? a) Weber b) Durkheim c) Goffmann d) Marx

Answer 32

d)

Question 33

describe what the value system is and who coined this term

Answer 33

a set of socially shard ideas of what a group/society considers good, right and desirable according to Marx

Question 34

fill in the blanks: | Culture is shaped by (blank) - a strategy or philosophy that (blank) the goals of a movement * who said this?

Answer 34

- ideology - justifies * Weber

Question 35

how did Weber go farther into conflict theory than Marx did?

Answer 35

Marx talked about class conflict whereas Weber expanded by talking about the non-economic conflict b/t status groups

Question 36

what are some prime examples of non-economic conflict according to Weber's account? a) religion b) race c) nationality d) all of the above

Answer 36

d)

Question 37

who said that class is the most important concept? a) Marx b) Weber c) both d) none

Answer 37

b)

Question 38

Weber created the idea of authority by moral rationalization, what does this mean?

Answer 38

it means people agree with those that hold authority because they actually perceive it to be legitimate

Question 39

who created the Theory of Communicative Action? a) Marx b) Weber c) Dahrendorf d) Habermas

Answer 39

d)

Question 40

explain the theory of communicative action

Answer 40

conflict analysis of western institutions and rationalist, examines tensions b/t philosophical theory and practice

Question 41

according to Habermas, conflict theory views society as... a) a collection of groups that constantly struggle w/each other to dominate society/institutions b) two specific groups battling out to see who will control society c) the winning group creates all societal norms and structures

Answer 41

a)

Question 42

Is symbolic interactionism considered micro or macro?

Answer 42

micro- focuses on interactions b/t small groups

Question 43

true or false: shared meanings and interpretations make interaction among individuals difficult because it isn't always translated properly

Answer 43

false: it makes interaction meaningful and possible

Question 44

what is the labelling theory or symbolic interactionism?

Answer 44

social problems are only viewed as problems because an influential group of people defined it this way

Question 45

how would conflict theory view labelling theory versus how symbolic interactionism?

Answer 45

- CT would say this is an example of the dominating class holds power over others and therefore people have to listen to them - SI would say this is an example of how one's influence can effect other's ideas and beliefs based on titles

Question 46

What were the 4 stages of dealing with all social problems?

Answer 46

1) social recognition: giving it a name 2) legitimization: legit b/c of the name 3) mobilization: working towards taking action 4) dealing with the issue

Question 47

what are the 4 key types of feminism?

Answer 47

1) liberal: e.g. asking for equal pay 2) socialist: e.g. equal pay, equal work, more demanding 3) radical: "hate men" 4) ecological/eco-feminism

Question 48

true or false: women often act out a role that men have defined and often forces women to acquiesce in their own domination to risk exclusion or violance

Answer 48

TRUETRUETRUE

Question 49

women's scholarship has noe expanded to illustrate the stress and scope of diversity within women's issues that now include:

Answer 49

- race - nationality - classes

Question 50

there are 3 features that characterize all feminist research, these three features are:

Answer 50

1) gendering of experiences 2) problem of victimization 3) intersectionality

Question 51

gendering of experiences within feminist research means: a) male and female often share similar experiences and can be generalized b) male and female cannot be generalized due to different experiences

Answer 51

b)

Question 52

briefly explain the feature of feminist research known as "problem of victimization"

Answer 52

women are often made the victims of crime, abuse and discrimination

Question 53

what is the third feature of feminist research: intersectionality?

Answer 53

the interaction of gender w/other victimizing social characteristics that produce particular combos of disadvantages

Question 54

Scenario: A lesbian woman of colour, is often bullied at school due to her particular characteristics. Her situation according to feminist research would be considered: a) intersectionality b) problem of victimization c) gendering of experiences

Answer 54

a)

Question 55

true or false: feminism dismisses biological determinism (the view that ppl's fates are determined entirely by their genetic/bio makeup)

Answer 55

true

Question 56

positivism is... a) the expected behaviour of an indv'l in a social position and the duties associated w/that position b) a philosophical belief that any rational assertion can be proven scientifically c) the belief that science enables truth d) the ideas that certain social factors such as gender are socially constructed and acted out using words and behaviours through association

Answer 56

b)

Question 57

define role

Answer 57

expected behaviours of someone that are made because of the position they are in

Question 58

Scenario: a person is expected to greet customer's in a friendly manner when at work and is expected to be finish their school assignments on time. These expectations according to position are examples of... a) roles b) status c) both

Answer 58

a)

Question 59

A school is an example of what?

Answer 59

a social institution

Question 60

fill in the blanks: | social (blank) is any enduring, predictable pattern of social relations among people in (blank)

Answer 60

- structure | - society

Question 61

fill in the blanks: social (blank) is an approach to sociology that attempts to relate (blank) experience to public issues and to the broader societal context in which these experiences occur

Answer 61

- imagination | - personal

Question 62

explain John Porter's: The Vertical Mosaic Study

Answer 62

- said Canadian society is a class-based vertical hierarchy defined by wealth and power it's a cultural mosaic of ethnic groups who want to preserve their culture - this means we create conflict amongst groups because we don't assimilate as well

Question 63

was Erving Goffman's stigma micro or macro?

Answer 63

micro

Question 64

True or false: | Goffman applied the theories of performativity and status to the way exclusionary labels are created within society

Answer 64

false: it was performativity and social construction that formed exclusionary labels

Question 65

what are the 3 types of stigma according to Goffman?

Answer 65

1) bodily stigma 2) moral stigmas/unconventional beliefs 3) tribal stigmas (person's affiliation with a nation/group out of the ordinary)

Question 66

Scenario: a Jewish person is singled out of a group of predominately Catholic people. This is an example of: a) bodily stigma b) moral stigma c) tribal stigma

Answer 66

b)

Question 67

true or false: | when people differ from the societal norm they are deemed heroic

Answer 67

false: they're stigmatized

Question 68

scenario: a rich person uses their money to solve their problem of paying off tuition, a poorer person struggles to and pay off their debts and will work longer hours to pay it off. How would functionalists, conflict theorists and post modernists view this situation?

Answer 68

- FT would say this is an example of how the poorer person's inability to pay off their tuition immediately helps the workforce by working longer and also helps the banks whom collect interests on loans - CT would say this is an example of how the rich banks are earning profits from the poorer class - PM would question the purpose of money and what the education system stands for if it costs this much

Question 69

true or false: | because postmodernism is rebellious and anti-hegemonic it appeals to groups like gay rights, environmentalism, etc.

Answer 69

true