Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AS Physics > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

(100 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What does an atom consist of?

A

Central positively charged nucleus containing protons and neutrons (nucleons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the diameter of an atom? (Atomic diameter)

A

10^-10m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What surrounds the nucleus of an atom?

A

Electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the diameter of the nucleus of an atom?

A

10^-15m or 1 femtometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the charge and relative charge of a proton?

A

1.6 x10^-19, +1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the charge and relative charge of a neutron?

A

0, 0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the charge and relative charge of a electron?

A

-1.6 x10^-19, -1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the symbol for proton/atomic number?

A

Z

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the proton number equal to?

A

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the symbol for mass/nucleon number?

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the mass number equal to?

A

Number of protons + number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms with the same amount of protons and different numbers of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If 2 different atoms have the same proton number, they are of…?

A

The same element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Are all isotopes radioactive?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are radioactive isotopes called?

A

Radioisotopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the equation of specific charge?

A

charge of particle / mass of particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which out of protons, neutrons and electrons have the largest specific charge?

A

Electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define the strong nuclear force

A

Stable isotopes have nuclei that don’t disintegrate. There must be a force holding them together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the strong nuclear force overcome in the nucleus?

A

Electrostatic force of repulsion between protons in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the strong nuclear force do?

A

Keep protons and neutrons together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the range of the strong nuclear force?

A

3-4 femtometers (diameter of nucleus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the range of electrostatic force? And when does the range start to decrease?

A

Infinite. Starts to decrease when the range between 2 charged particles increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What distance does the strong nuclear force start to act as a repulsive force?

A

When distance is less than 0.5 femtometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why does the strong nuclear force turn into a repulsive force at very small distances?

A

To prevent protons and neutrons being pushed into each other. This prevents the nucleus collapsing intoa point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
When is electromagnetic radiation emitted?
When charged particles lose energy
26
Give 2 examples when electromagnetic radiation would be emitted
1. Electrons decreasing in energy inside an atom (light) | 2. Electrons losing energy when stopped by a solid material (X-rays)
27
Name the electromagnetic spectrum in order of decreasing wavelengths/increasing frequency
Radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultra violet, x-ray, gamma ray
28
What is the wavelength of a radio wave?
Greater than 0.1m
29
What is the wavelength of an microwave?
0.1mm-1mm
30
What is the wavelength of an infrared wave?
1mm to 700nm
31
What is the wavelength of visible light?
700nm to 400nm
32
What is the wavelength of an ultraviolet wave
400nm to 1nm
33
What is the wavelength of an x-ray?
less than 1nm
34
What is the wavelength of a gamma ray?
less than 1nm
35
Do all forms of radiation travel at the same speed through a vacuum?
Yes
36
What speed to all forms of radiation travel at in a vacuum?
3 x10^8m/s
37
What is a photon?
A packet of wave energy
38
How is EM radiation emitted?
As a short burst of waves in all directions
39
What does a photon contain?
A set amount of energy
40
Define antimatter
All particles of normal matter have a corresponding particle that: 1. Has the same mass as the normal particle 2. Has opposite charge (if normal particle is charged) 3. Will undergo annihilation with normal particle if they meet
41
What is the antiparticle for a proton and what is it?
Anti proton - negatively charged proton
42
What is the antiparticle for a electron and what is it?
Positron - positively charged electron
43
Define annihilation
When particles and anti particles meet and their mass is converted into pure energy
44
Define the process of annihilation (what happens)?
A particle and anti particle meet, and all of their mass and KE turn into 2 photons of equal frequency that move off in opposite directions
45
How is pair production different to annihilation?
Annihilation - matter -> energy | Pair production - energy -> matter
46
Define the process of pair production (what happens)?
The energy of 1 photon can be used to create a particle and its corresponding antiparticle
47
How do photons conserve momentum?
By interacting with another particle
48
How many joules is 1 electron volt?
1eV = 1.5 x10^-19 J
49
How many joules is 1 mega electron volt?
1MeV = 1.5 x10^-13 J
50
How many electron volts is 1 joule?
1J = 1 / (1.6x10^-19) eV
51
What is an electron volt equal to?
The KE gained by an electron when accelerated by a p.d of 1V
52
What is the unit of sub atomic particles most commonly quoted as?
MeV
53
In pair production, what is always conserved?
Energy, momentum, charge, lepton number, baryon number, strangeness
54
What are virtual particles?
Virtual particles are exchanged when forces are experienced between particles
55
Where does the virtual particle travel?
Between real particles affecting their motion
56
What are exchange particles called which are transferred between fundamental particles
Gauge bosons
57
Describe what happens in a feynman diagram with the repulsion of 2 electrons?
2 electrons travel, then exchange a photon, and then 2 electrons travel off
58
State the equation for beta - decay
A A 0 _ X -> Y + B + Ve Z Z + 1 -1
59
Describe what happens in a feynman diagram with Beta - decay
Neutron travels, exchanges a W - boson, turns into a proton, B- particle and anti electron neutrino
60
Describe what happens in a feynman diagram with the interaction of a neutron and anti neutrino
Neutron and neutrino travel, exchange a W - boson, turns into a proton and B- particle
61
What are neutrinos affected by?
Weak nuclear force
62
What forces don't neutrinos feel?
Strong and electrostatic
63
Describe what happens in a feynman diagram with beta plus
Proton travels, exchanges a W+ boson, turns into neutron, positron and neutrino
64
Describe what happens in a feynman diagram with the interaction of a proton and anti-neutrino
Proton and neutrino travel, exchange W+ boson, turn into neutron and positron
65
Describe what happens in a feynman diagram with electron capture
Proton and electron travel, exchange W+ boson, turn into a neutron and neutrino
66
Describe what happens in electron capture
One of excess protons interacts with one of the inner shell electrons to form a neutron producing a neutrino
67
What are the 2 categories of matter and anti matter?
Hadrons and leptons
68
What are 2 sub-categories of hadrons?
Baryons and mesons
69
What are hadrons?
Particles that interact through strong interaction
70
What are leptons?
Particles that interact through weak interaction
71
What are baryons?
Hadrons that are protons that eventually decay into protons e.g protons, neutrons
72
What is a meson?
Hadrons that don't include protons in decay product. All mesons are unstable e.g Pions, kaons
73
Are protons leptons or hadrons (if hadrons, which type)?
Hadrons, and a baryon
74
Are neutrons leptons or hadrons (if hadrons, which type)?
Hadrons, and a baryon
75
Are electrons leptons or hadrons (if hadrons, which type)?
Leptons
76
Can pions/ π mesons be charged?
Yes, positively π+, negatively π- and no charge π^0
77
What are the rest masses of pions?
Between muon and proton. About 300x electron
78
Are pions unstable, and which decay do they interact with?
Very unstable, interact through weak interaction
79
What does π+ decay into?
Anti muon and neutrino
80
What does π- decay into?
muon and anti-neutrino
81
What does π^0 decay into?
2 high energy photons
82
Are pions leptons or hadrons (if hadrons, which type)?
Hadrons, mesons
83
Can kaons/ K mesons be charged?
Yes, positively K+, negatively K- and no charge K^0
84
What are the rest masses of kaons?
Greater than pions, but less than a proton
85
Are kaons unstable, and which decay do they interact with?
They are unstable, and interact through weak interaction far more slowly than pions
86
Why are kaons called strange particles?
Due to slow rate of decay 10^-10s - unexpected
87
What do kaons decay into?
Pions, muons and neutrinos
88
What are fundamental particles and give an example
Particles that do not decay into any other particles except leptons. e.g leptons
89
What are the 3 families of leptons?
1 - Electrons, electron neutrinos 2 - Muon and muon neutrinos 3 - Tau and tau neutrinos
90
what is the charge of muons? (μ-)
Negative
91
How big in size are muons in relation to electrons?
200x more massive
92
What is the antiparticle of muons and give the charge
Antimuons (μ+) Positively charged
93
What do muons decay into through which type of interaction?
Decay via weak interaction into electrons and anti neutrinos
94
What do antimuons decay into?
Positrons and neutrinos
95
What must all interactions conserve?
Energy, charge, lepton number + type, baryon number and strangeness (strong interaction only)
96
What are sigma particles?
Baryons with a strangeness of -1
97
What is strangeness?
Property of some hadrons due to slow interactions with others
98
Strangeness of K- meson?
-1
99
Strangeness of K+ meson?
+1
100
Strangeness of K^0 meson?
-1

AS Physics (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions