Chapter 1

Question 1

Acetylsalicylic acid

Answer 1

1. Anti platelets
2. NSAID

Antiplatelet irreversible COX1 inhibition, inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis: blockade of platelet activation in aggregation phase, anti thrombotic effect
NSAID-COX2 inhibition, analgesic, antifever, anti inflammatory action

1. Secondary prophylaxis of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular thrombosis
2. Pain, fever

Question 2

Aciclovir

Answer 2

Antiinfective
Antiviral

Antimetabolite,analogue of guanosine inhibition of viral DNA polymerase, virustatic action

Herpes zoster and Herpes simplex virus infections
Varicella zoster infections

Question 3

Alendronic acid

Answer 3

Bisphosphonate

Inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, inhibit of activation of osteoclasts, antiresorbtive action

Osteoporosis, oncogenic hypercalciemia

Question 4

Allopurinol

Answer 4

Antigout agent

Inhibits xanthine oxidase, blockade of synthesis of uric acid, uricostatic action

Gout
Management of malignancy associated hyperuricaemia

Question 5

Adrenaline (Epinephrine)

Answer 5

Non selective adrenomimetic

Direct stimulation of Alfa 1 &2 and beta 1& 2 adrenoreceptors
Pos ino, batmo, dromotropic
Local haemostatic action
Anti anaphylaxis action, cardiotonic action, bronchodilator and vasoconstriction

Systemic: anaphylaxis, cardiopulmonary reamination (av blockade)
Local: in combination preparation with local anesthetics

Question 6

Amiodarone

Answer 6

Antiarr class 3

Phase 0: sodium channel prolong QRS complex
Phase 3: block potassium prolong QT
Phase 2: block calcium
Phase 0 and 4: block calcium in SA and AV nodes
Iodine structure can influence action of thyroid gland. Antiarr action

SVT( AF) and vent arr

Question 7

Amitriptyline

Answer 7

Non selective monoamine reuptake inhibitor, tricyclic antidepressant

Non selective inhibition of reuptake of monoamines (NE/5HT) anticholinergic activity, psychomotor weighing down, sedative action, coanalgetic

Depression, Neuropathic pain

Question 8

Amlodipine

Answer 8

DCCB

Vasoselective block of Ltype calcium channels preventing influx of calcium in arterial sm which decreases cell contractility and produces vasodilation
Coronary: vessel dilation( increase oxygen supply to myocardium)
Arterial: lowers heart afterload (reduce oxygen demand in myocardium)hypotensive effect
Side effect: peripheral edema

CAD, Stable angina, Vasospastic angina, AH

Question 9

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

Answer 9

Anti infective, Beta lactam antibiotics , Pencillin 3rd gen

A. Blockade of bacterial cell wall synthesis, inhibition of transpeptidase
C. Inhibition of beta lactamase
A+ C. Broad spectrum, bactericidal action

Treatment of Gram pos and Gram neg infections that are sensitive to this antibacterial agent
Pneumonia, acute otitis, sinusitis, cystitis

Question 10

Aripiprazole

Answer 10

Atypical antipsychotics

5HT2a antagonist, D2 partial agonist. Influence on sertoninergic and dopaminergic receptors of brain cortex and limbic system
Antispsychotic and mood stabilizing action

Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder