Chapter 1-7

Question 1

First declension

Question 2

Second declension

Question 3

Imperative commands

Answer 3

Latin uses a mood called the imperative to give direct commands. It adds -a in the singular to the stem of the verb and -re. The stem of the verb can be found by dropping -re from the present active infinitive.

Question 4

Genitive case

Answer 4

Possession
Partitive of the whole
Subjective
Objective
Explanatory

Question 5

Ablative case

Answer 5

Means (instrument) - I see with my eyes
Manner
Accompaniment

Question 6

Place to which

Answer 6

Accusative case

Question 7

Dative case

Answer 7

Indirect object

Reference (interest)

Question 8

Adverb

Answer 8

Adverbs give information about the verb and answer questions such as who, why, where? They do not change shape and may modify nouns, adjectives another adverb, or whole sentences. Many end in -ter or -e

Question 9

Preposition

Answer 9

Prepositions are not declined and always appear with a noun or pronoun in the sentence. The noun or pronoun is the object of the preposition, and always appear in the accusative or ablative case.

Question 10

Adjective - first and second declension and agreement

Answer 10

Adjectives in Latin use the same endings as nouns. Unlike nouns who have singular gender, there are masculine, feminine and neuter forms of the adjective. Adjectives in Latin fall into two groups those using first and second declension endings and those using the third.

Adjectives agree with the noun they accompany in gender case and number - this does not mean they belong to the same declension or that their endings look the same

Question 11

Substantive use

Answer 11

An adjective without a noun accompanying it takes on the properties of a noun. When the adjective is feminine, it refers to women (clever women) when masculine men and neuter objects or things

Question 12

linking

Answer 12

Subject
Linking verb
Subject complement

Question 13

Gapping

Answer 13

Latin can leave out (“gap”) words in a sentence that are expected. This is especially common when a coordinating conjunction (§14) is present, but can occur without a conjunction too.
In Latin identical subjects, verbs or direct objects can be gapped in either the first or second coordinate clause; in the example below, laudat (verb) is gapped in the first clause, and virum (direct object) is gapped in the second:

Puer virum sed nōn puella laudat. = The boy praises the man, but the girl does not.

Question 14

Infinitive as a noun

Answer 14

The infinitive in Latin, just as in English, is a verbal noun, which retains properties of both verbs and nouns. When used as a complementary infinitive (§7b), it functions to complete the meaning of another verb. When used as a noun, the infinitive is considered neuter and singular, but retains its ability to govern an object and is modified by an adverb (not an adjective). This use of the infinitive is particularly common as the subject or subject complement of sum and with certain impersonal verbs.

Question 15

Imperfect Active Indicative: First and Second Conjugations

Answer 15

amabam amabas amabat

Question 16

Future Active Indicative: First and Second Conjugations

Answer 16

amabo ambit amabitis

Question 17

Sum: present, Imperfect and Future Indicative

Answer 17

sum es est, sumus estis sunt

eram eras erat (imperfect

ero eris erit (future)

Question 18

Sentence Pattern : Special Intransitive - which verbs apply?

Answer 18

careō, carēre, caruī, caritūrus (+ abl.) to be without, free from; need, miss
noceō, nocēre, nocuī (+ dat.) to harm, be harmful to
pāreō, pārēre, pāruī (+ dat.) to obey, be obedient to
placeō, placēre, placuī, placitūrus (+ dat.) to please, be pleasing to

Question 19

Third Declension Nouns : Consonant Stem

Question 20

The Pronoun : Personal ( 1 ) ego ; tū

Question 21

Forms of Possum

Answer 21

Present, imperfect, future

Question 22

Third Declension Nouns : Consonant Stem

Answer 22

Nouns of the third declension fall into two general categories : those whose stems end in a consonant , and those whose stems end in -i- ( these will be introduced in Chapter 10 ) . Consonant stem nouns can be divided into two groups : those that have no distinct ending in the nominative singular , and those that add -s to form the nominative singular . In either consonant group , you can always identify the stem by removing the case ending from the genitive singular form . Masculine and feminine nouns in the third declension use the same set of endings . The Vocative is identical to the Nominative in the singular and plural .