Chapter 1

Question 1

Association

Answer 1

Occurs between two variables if specific values of one variable tend to occur in common w specific values of the other

Question 2

The 1.5 x IQR Rule for Outliers

Answer 2

Call an observation an outlier if it falls more than 1.5 x IQR above the third quartile or below the first quartile

Question 3

Back to back stemplot

Answer 3

Used to compare the distribution of quantitative variable for two groups

Question 4

Stem

Answer 4

Each observation in both groups is separated into a stem

Question 5

Leaf

Answer 5

The final digit

Question 6

Bar graph

Answer 6

Used to display the distribution of a categorical variable or to compare the sizes of quantities
The horizontal axis identifies categories

Question 7

Bimodal

Answer 7

Describes a graph of quantitative data w two clear peaks

Question 8

Box plot

Answer 8

A graph of a five number summary
The box spans the quartiles & shows the spread of the central half of distribution
Lines extend from the box to the extremes and show the full spread of data

Question 9

Categorical variable

Answer 9

Places an individual into one of several groups or categories

Question 10

Conditional distribution

Answer 10

Describes the values of one variable among individuals who have a specific value of another variable
There is a separate conditional distribution for each value of the other variable

Question 11

Data analysis

Answer 11

A process of describing data using graphs & numerical summaries

Question 12

Dotplot

Answer 12

A simple graph that shows each data value as a dot above its location on a number line

Question 13

Distribution

Answer 13

Tells what values a variable takes & how often it takes these values

Question 14

First Quartile

Answer 14

If the observations in a data set are ordered from lowest to highest, the first quartile is the median of the observations whose position is to the left of the median

Question 15

The Five Number Summary

Answer 15

Consists of the smallest observation, the first quartile, the median, the third quartile, and the largest observation, written in order from smallest to largest

Question 16

Frequency Table

Answer 16

Displays the count of observations in each category or class

Question 17

Histogram

Answer 17

Displays the distribution of quantitive variable

The lines touch

Question 18

Individuals

Answer 18

Objects described by a set of data

Question 19

Inference

Answer 19

Drawing conclusions that go beyond the data at hand

Question 20

Interquartile range

Answer 20

IQR = Q3 - Q1

Question 21

Marginal distribution

Answer 21

Of one of the categorical variables in a two way table of counts is the distribution of values that variable among all individuals described by the table

Question 22

Mean

Answer 22

The average

Question 23

Median

Answer 23

Midpoint of data

Question 24

Mode

Answer 24

The value or class in a statistical distribution having the greatest frequency

Question 25

Multimodal

Answer 25

Describes a graph of quantitative data w more than two clear peaks

Question 26

Outlier

Answer 26

An individual value that falls outside the overall pattern of a distribution

Question 27

Overall pattern

Answer 27

In any graph of data, look for the overall pattern and for striking departures from that pattern Shape, center, and spread describe the overall pattern of the distribution of a quantitive variable

Question 28

Pie chart

Answer 28

Shows the distribution of a categorical variable as a pie whose slices are sized by the counts or percents for the categories

Question 29

Quantitive variable

Answer 29

Takes numerical values for which it makes sense to find an average

Question 30

Range

Answer 30

Maximum value minus the minimum value

Question 31

Relative frequency table

Answer 31

Shows the percents of observations in each category

Question 32

Resistant measure

Answer 32

A statistic that is not affected very much by extreme observations

Question 33

Roundoff error

Answer 33

The difference between the calculated approximation of a number and it's exact mathematical value

Question 34

Simpson paradox

Answer 34

An association between two variables that holds for each individual value of a third variable can be changed or even reversed when the data for all values of the third variable are combined

Question 35

Skewed to the right

Answer 35

If the right side of the graph is much longer than the left

Question 36

Skewed to the left

Answer 36

Left side is longer than the right side

Question 37

Splitting stem

Answer 37

A method for spreading out a stem plot that has few stems

Question 38

Stem plot

Answer 38

A simple graphical display for fairly small data set that gives a quick picture of the shape of a distribution while including the actual numerical values

Question 39

Symmetry

Answer 39

If the right & left sides of a graph are mirror images of each other

Question 40

Third Quartile

Answer 40

If the observation in a data set are ordered from lowest to highest, the third Quartile is the median

Question 41

Unimodal

Answer 41

Describes graph of quantitive data w a single peak

Question 42

Variables

Answer 42

Any characteristic of an individual, can take different values from different individuals

Question 43

Variance

Answer 43

The average squared distance of the observations in a data set from their mean

Question 44

Standard deviation

Answer 44

How far each score is from the mean in average

Question 45

SOCS

Answer 45

Shape Outliers Centers Spread

Question 46

Shape

Answer 46

Symmetric & shape

Question 47

Center

Answer 47

Mean | Median

Question 48

Spread

Answer 48

Standard deviation Range IQR

Question 49

Rule for outliers

Answer 49

Q1- 1.5(IQR) | Q3+ 1.5(IQR)

Question 50

Box plot

Answer 50

A central box is drawn from Q1 to the Q3 Draw number line Mark median Lines mark min and max Stop line before outlier than Dot outlier

Question 51

Mean & standard deviation

Answer 51

Symmetric

Question 52

Median & IQR

Answer 52

Skewed

Question 53

When mean & median are lose

Answer 53

It will be symmetric

Question 54

Use bar graph for

Answer 54

Categorical data

Question 55

Use histogram for

Answer 55

Quantative data