Chapter 1

Question 1

Critical thinking

Answer 1

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments but examines potential bias and source.

Question 2

Empiricism

Answer 2

The idea that knowledge is a result of experience developed through observation and experimentation.

Question 3

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 3

First Psychology lab (Leipzig)

Question 4

Edward Tichner

Answer 4

Founded Structuralism

Question 5

Structuralism

Answer 5

Tried to identify the elements of the mind (like periodic table) One of the original schools of thought.

Question 6

Introspection

Answer 6

A part of structuralism, focuses on looking inward to observe your own psych processes.

Question 7

William James

Answer 7

Made one of the first psychology textbooks, founded functionalism.

Question 8

Functionalism

Answer 8

How mental processes function in order for an organism to adapt.

Question 9

Mary Calkins

Answer 9

First female president of the APA (Will James’ student)

Question 10

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 10

First female PhD in psych. Student of Ed Tichner.

Question 11

Behavior psychology

Answer 11

Scientific study of observable behavior. Often involved rewards or punishments

Question 12

Biological psychology

Answer 12

Study of links between biological and psych processes. May focus on chemical balance or nervous system.

Question 13

Psychodynamic psychology

Answer 13

Studies how the unconscious influences behavior (Freud)

Question 14

Social-cultural psychology

Answer 14

Studies how social and culture impact individuals.

Question 15

Humanistic psychology

Answer 15

Encourages growth potential and reaching goals. Study primarily successful people

Question 16

Cognitive psychology

Answer 16

How memory, learning and perceiving effect things.

Question 17

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 17

Study of behavior and mind using natural selection

Question 18

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 18

Inner study of brain activity linked with thoughts and perceptions.

Question 19

Psychology

Answer 19

Study of behavior and mental processes of humans/animals.

Question 20

Nature-nurture issue

Answer 20

Whether knowledge is inherited or gained through experience.

Question 21

Natural selection

Answer 21

The organism with the strongest traits survives.

Question 22

Behavior genetics

Answer 22

Study of genetic and environmental i fluentes on behavior

Question 23

Culture

Answer 23

Behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values shared by people from one generation from the next.

Question 24

Positive psychology

Answer 24

Study that explores building a good life in order to thrive.

Question 25

Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 25

Incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural aspects.

Question 26

Psychometrics

Answer 26

Study of the erasure meant of human abilities, attitudes, traits.

Question 27

Basic research

Answer 27

Pure science that aims to increase knowledge base.

Question 28

Developmental psychology

Answer 28

Studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout life.

Question 29

Educational psychology

Answer 29

Psychology focused on education and enhancing learning.

Question 30

Personality psychology

Answer 30

Study of individuals characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Question 31

Social psychology

Answer 31

Study’s how we think about, influence, and relate to each other. Human interaction.

Question 32

Applied research

Answer 32

Trying to solve practical real world problems with science

Question 33

Industrial-organizational psychology

Answer 33

A branch that tries to optimize behavior in workplaces.

Question 34

Human factors psychology

Answer 34

Explores how machines and humans interact. May work on building designs to make them friendly/safe/happy.

Question 35

Counseling psychology

Answer 35

Focuses on assisting people who are stuck in achieving wellbeing. Temporary k everyday problems.

Question 36

Clinical psychology

Answer 36

Studies, assesses, treats people with disorders. Can’t prescribe medicine.

Question 37

Psychiatry

Answer 37

Person who helps people with disorders, can prescribe medicines.

Question 38

Community psychology

Answer 38

Studies how people interact with their community environment