Chapter 1

Question 1

Organic chemistry

Answer 1

study of carbon and shapes of molecules

1. where are the electrons
2. reactivity
3. structure and connectivity
4. mechanism. (how electrons are moving)

Question 2

Carbon

Answer 2

• 10 million compounds identified

- bonds strongly with C,H,O,N

Question 3

chance of finding electrons

Answer 3

number of electrons/shell = 2n^2

Question 4

subshells

Answer 4

electrons grouped into orbitals with specific energy

-electrons fill to proved lowest energy state (ground state)

Question 5

excited state

Answer 5

if electrons are in a higher energy state

Question 6

carbon ground state electron configuration

Answer 6

1s^2 2s^2 2p^2

Question 7

octet rules

Answer 7

atoms want full valence shell (8)

Question 8

electronegativity

Answer 8

tendency of an atom to attract electrons

-increasing E.N. = atomic number increases

Question 9

non polar covalent bond

Answer 9

< 0.5 between bonds

Question 10

polar covalent bonds

Answer 10

0.5-1.9 between bonds

Question 11

ionic bond

Answer 11

> 1.9 between bonds

Question 12

overall dipole moment

Answer 12

vector sum of bond dipoles

Question 13

s orbital shape

Answer 13

sphere

Question 14

p orbital shape

Answer 14

lobe

Question 15

Molecular Orbital Theory

Answer 15

electrons in molecules exist in molecular orbitals

Question 16

valence bond theory

Answer 16

bonds are created by overlap of atomic orbitals

Question 17

hybridizaton

Answer 17

single bond = sp3 (sigma bond)
double bond = sp2 (sigma & pi bond)
triple bond = sp (sigma & 2 pi bonds)