Chapter 1 Flashcards
(13 cards)
what is another name for time study
work measurement
what is the principle objective of methods engineering? (8)
- increase productivity
- reduce cost per unit
- ensure the health and safety
- increase efficiency
- improve product quality
- improve work flow
- introduce new work method
- increase flexibility
List the eight steps in applying methods engineering
- select the project
- get and present the data
- analyse the data
- develop the ideal method
- present and install the method
- develop a job analysis
- establish time standards
- follow up the method
where were time studies originally made and who conducted them
Time and motion study: is one of the most effective techniques designed to improve the workforce efficiency. This study is a combined result of time study and motion study.
FW taylor also known as the father of scientific management is considered as he introduces time study. however, the time studies concept was originally made by Jean Rodolphe Perronet in 1760. He was a French Engineer, who conducted extensive time studies in manufacturing in Europe.
Explain Fredrick W. Taylor’s principles of scientific management
the principle of scientific management included: time study, standardization of all tools and tasks, use of a planning department, use of side rules and other time saving implements, instruction cards for workers, bonuses for successful performance, different rates, mnemonic systems classifying products, routing systems and modern costs systems
What is meant by motion study, and who are the founders of the motion study
Frank and Lilian Gilbreth were the founders of the modern motion-study technique. It is the the study of the body motions used in performing and operation, to improve the operation by eliminating unnecessary motions for maximum efficiency.
Was the skepticism of management and labor toward rates established by “efficiency experts” understandable? Why?
Yes, many unqualified analysts endeavored to establish standards. The results, in some instance, were quite unsatisfactory giving the profession a poor image.
Which organizations are concerned with advancing the ideas of Taylor and the Gilbreths
eths?
The American Management Association, The Society for the Advancement of
Management, and The Institute of Industrial Engineers are concerned with promoting the
ideas of Taylor and the Gilbreths.
What psycological reaction is characteristic of workers when methods changes are suggested
resistance to change is very common in workers when methods changes are suggested
Explain the importance of the humanistic approach in methods and time study work
the humanistic approach must be followed in order to help ensure the success of methods and standards work. regardless of the analysts technical knowledge and ability, the analyst will not be completely successful in methods and time study work unless the analyst is competent in dealing with the operators as humans rather than as another element in the assembly line
how are time study and methods engineering related
methods of engineering and time study are both interrelated process which help in creating an efficient and productive production system.
Methods engineering involves creating best manufacturing methods to produce a specified product. Time study involves creating a time standard for the method developed under the methods engineering for producing a specified product.
Standards are only meaningful if the process under study is already operating under the food method. There is no means if the process under study if there are redundancies in the process and there is a scope for improvement.
this means that the time study should not be undertaken until a good method is already has been developed and installed for the process under study using the methods of engineering. this means the methods engineering is a prerequisite of time study.
why is work design an important element of methods study
work design is an important element of methods study because if the methods changes are inefficient or even injurious to the operators, any productivity improvement will be negated by increased medical and safety costs
What important events have contributed to the need for ergonomics
The technological disasters at three mile island and bhopal, india as well as the increase in product liability and personal injury cases have contributed to a need for ergonomics. More recently, the rather dramatic increases in work related musculoskeletal injuries also emphasizes for balancing the push for productivity with the inclusion of ergonomics
