Chapter 2 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the five tools that are primarily used in the first step of methods analysis
Pareto analysis, fish diagrams, gantt chart, pert chart, and job/worksite analysis guides
What is project selection based on
Economic- new product and their standards, may have excess waste or high cost of manufacturing
technical- techniques, quality, and product performance
human- highly repetitive
What is pareto analysis
Items of interest are identified and are measured on a common scale are scaled from descending order. 20% of the items ranked account for the 80%.
Shown in a cumulative diagram.
what are fish diagrams
fish diagrams are also known as cause and effect diagrams. Their main focus is defining an undesirable event or problem that is, the effect as the fish head and identifying contributing factors as the fish bones
What is a gantt chart
depicted the anticipated completion times for various project activities as bars plotted against time on the horizontal axis
What is a Pert chart and what does it stand for
Pert stands for Program Evaluation and Review Technique.
It is a planning and control tool that graphically portrays the optimum way to attain some predetermined objective. three estimates are used, they are based on these questions:
1. how much time is required to complete a specific activity if everything works out ideally
2. under average conditions, what would be the most likely duration of this activity?
3. what is the time required to complete this activity if almost everything goes wrong?
Uses nodes to determine the times that will move forward the process, (ES) earliest start time, (EF) earliest finish time, (LS) latest start, (LF) latest finish
(ES) earliest start time, (EF) earliest finish time, (LS) latest start, (LF) latest finish equations
LS=LF-t
LF =min(LS)
Float (0) = LS -ES
Float (0) = LF - EF
What does the operation process chart show?
The operator process chart shows the chronological sequence of all operations and inspection with the operation and inspection times included
What symbols are used in constructing the operation process chart
A small circle means an operation
a small square means inspection
how does the operation process chart show materials introduced into the general flow
materials are introduced through horizontal lines feeding into the vertical flow linens
how does the flow process chart differ from the operations process chart
the flow process chart contains more detail than the operation process chart. in addition to operations and inspections, it includes transportation, storage, delays and the times and distance involved
What is the principal purpose of the flow process chart
- simplify operations
- simplify inspection
- reduce time and distance
- improve transportation facility
- reduce cost and maximize total savings
What symbols are used in constructing the flow process chart
circle - operation square - inspection D - delays upside down triangle - storage arrow - transportation
Why is it necessary to construct the process charts from direct observation as opposed to information obtained from the foreman
information from the supervisor frequently is not accurate and may be biased. more reliable information is obtained by personal observation and measurement.
In the construction of the flow process chart, what method can be used to estimate distances moved?
The flow process chart distance can be calculated as:
column of product moved past is represented by P
distance between columns is represented by Q
This distance = (P*Q) - 1
how can delay times be determined in the construction of the flow process chart? Storage times?
Delay times can be determined by marking several parts with chalk, recording the exact time they went into storage or were delayed, and then checking periodically to note when the marked parts are brought back into production
When would you advocate using the flow diagram?
- for planning a new project layout
- data management
- managing workflow
- solving issues relating to plant layout
How can the flow of several different products be shown on the flow diagram
different products can be shown by using a different colour flow line for product
What two flowchart symbols are used exclusively in the study of paperwork
Two concentric circles indicate the creation of a record or set of papers. a crosshatched circle indicates the addition of information to record
What are the limitations of the operations and flow process charts and of the flow diagram
Both flow process charts and flow diagrams are useful in stating the problem e.i getting presenting and analyzing data for the present method. other tools need to be used in developing the ideal method.
Explain how the concept of PERT charting can save money
- it helps evaluate the time and resources required for the project
- it tracks exact assets needed for the production aka. reducing waste
- helps collect data and info from various sources and improves the method
- creates effective strategy by improving communication skill and relations
What is crashing and what is the purpose of it?
Project crashing is a method for reducing the project completion time by increasing either the manpower or other expenses.
Purpose:
- to meet the deadline
- when a project is getting delayed
-when the company has lots of projects to be done
- to make optimum utilization of idle resources
When is it advisable to construct a worker and machine process chart
- when the manufacturing process involves both worker and machines for production
- illustration of delays in process this chart is highly effective
- improvement in method or strategy
What is machine coupling ?
it means the handling of more than one machine by one employee
